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bio 20 unit 1 > chapter 6 > Flashcards

chapter 6 Flashcards

light dependant reactions and the chloroplast

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what powers light-dependent reactions?

A

the sun

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2
Q

what happens when photons of light strike photosynthesis II?

A

the electrons are excited

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3
Q

what happens to H+ in the stroma?

A

it gets pulled into the lumen

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4
Q

what happens to the electrons as H+ is pulled into the lumen?

A

electrons lose energy

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5
Q

what are electrons replaced within photosystem II?

A

H2O

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6
Q

what is produced at the end of ETC as photons strike photosynthesis I?

A

NADPH

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7
Q

which organisms does NADPH occur in?

A

in photosynthetic organisms

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8
Q

what is the process of H2O splitting into H+, O2, and e-?

A

photolysis

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9
Q

what happens between H+ and the lumen?

A

H+ builds up in the lumen as a result of ETC and H2O

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10
Q

what structure does H+ pass through to create ATP?

A

ATP synthase

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11
Q

what is chemiosmosis?

A

the process of creating ATP through H+ passing through the ATP synthase structure

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12
Q

what is ATP?

A

a molecule that contains high energy bonds that transfer energy to all organisms

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13
Q

what is ADP?

A

a molecule that contains two high energy phosphate bonds

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14
Q

how is NADP+ created?

A

by accepting one hydrogen atom and two electrons

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15
Q

what is the oxidation formula for ATP

A

ATP->ADP + Pi + energy

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16
Q

what is the reduction reaction for NADPH?

A

NADPH->NADP+ + H+ + 2e- + energy

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17
Q

what are photons?

A

an energy packet of electromagnetic radiation (units of light)

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18
Q

what colour of light has the most energy?

A

violet

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19
Q

what does the wavelength have to do with the amount of energy?

A

longer=less shoter=more

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20
Q

why do leaves change colour in the fall?

A

chlorophyll breaks down because of the temperature and daylight hours (causes chlorophyll to stop producing its food)

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21
Q

what is NADPH?

A

a product of the first level of photosynthesis

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22
Q

what is NADP+?

A

hydrogen acceptor (creates NADPH)

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23
Q

what is oxidation?

A

the loss of electrons

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24
Q

what is reduction?

A

the gain of electrons

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25
Q

what is chlorophyll?

A

light absorbing green pigment that starts photosynthesis

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26
Q

what does an accessory pigment do?

A

transfer energy back into chlorophyll

27
Q

what is an example of an accessory pigment?

A

carotenoids

28
Q

what does ATP stand for?

A

adenosine triphosphate (more energy-less stable)

29
Q

what does ADP stand for?

A

adenosine diphosphate (less energy-more stable)

30
Q

what is a stack of thylakoids called?

A

granum/grana

31
Q

what are the bridges between the granum called?

A

lamella

32
Q

what is the liquid space in the chloroplast called?

A

stroma

33
Q

where is the electron transport chain (ETC) located?

A

thylakoid membrane

34
Q

where do light dependant reactions occur?

A

thylakoid membrane

35
Q

what happens to electrons during photolysis?

A

the move to PSll to replace the electrons lost

36
Q

what happens to the protons during photolysis?

A

protons are moved across the electron transport chain into the lumen, losing energy

37
Q

what happens to oxygen during photolysis?

A

it is released back into earth’s atmosphere

38
Q

what happens in photosystem 1?

A

uses light energy to allow electrons to move across the thylakoid membrane to create NADPH and ATP

39
Q

what happens in photosystem 2?

A

captures photons to assist with photolysis and extract electrons to move across the ETC

40
Q

where are the photosystems located?

A

thylakoid membrane

41
Q

what is the electron transport chains main purpose?

A

create an electrochemical gradient and drive the synthesis of ATP through ATP synthase (cellular respiration)

42
Q

where is the electron transport chain located?

A

inner mitochondrial membrane

43
Q

what happens to extra hydrogen ions during photosynthesis?

A

pulled into the lumen,, releasing energy

44
Q

what happens to hydrogen during photosynthesis?

A

pulled into the thylakoid space because of electrons passing through the electron transport chain

45
Q

how is NADPH created?

A

electrons, NADP+, and hydrogen ions form NADPH

46
Q

where does NADPH go after it is formed?

A

the stroma

47
Q

what is the main function of the ATP synthase?

A

allows protons to pass through the thylakoid membrane, turning ADP into ATP

48
Q

where is the ATP synthase located?

A

inner mitochondrial membrane

49
Q

where does chemiosmosis occur in photosynthesis?

A

the chloroplast

50
Q

where does chemiosmosis occur in cellular respiration?

A

the mitochondria

51
Q

what reactants are involved in light dependant reactions?

A

H2O and sunlight

52
Q

what is the main purpose of light dependant reactions?

A

convert light energy into chemical energy/create ATP and NADPH

53
Q

what products are created from light dependant reactions?

A

ATP, NADPH, and oxygen

54
Q

what is the main purpose of the calvin cycle?

A

use ATP and NADPH, from light dependant, and carbon dioxide to create G3P

55
Q

what does NADP+ accept to create NADPH?

A

2 electrons and 1 hydrogen

56
Q

what is G3P?

A

a sugar used to create glucose

57
Q

what happens when hydrogen moves through the ATP synthase?

A

the energy released is used to combine ADP and Pi

58
Q

where does the calvin cycle occur?

A

the stroma

59
Q

what reactants, and how many, are needed in an light independent reaction?

A

(6) CO2, (12) NADPH, and (18) ATP

60
Q

what products, and how many, are created from light independent reactions?

A

(1) glucose, (6) NADP+, and H2O

61
Q

how many moles of CO2 is used to create one molecule of G3P?

A

3 moles

62
Q

what happens to CO2 in the calvin cycle?

A

CO2 goes through carbon fixation

63
Q

what is carbon fixation?

A

the process of taking CO2 from the air and turning it into sugars

64
Q

what is glucose?

A

a type of sugar; the chief source of energy for living organisms

bio 20 unit 1 (10 decks)

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