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bio 20 unit 1 > chapter 5 > Flashcards

chapter 5 Flashcards

evolution

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is ecology?

A

the study of interactions between organisms and their living/non-living environment

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2
Q

what is the naming, describing, and classification of all living organisms including plants?

A

taxonomy

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3
Q

what is watershed?

A

the land that drains towards a lake or other body of water

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4
Q

what helps indicate how healthy an ecosystem is?

A

biological diversity

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5
Q

what is genetic diversity?

A

the amount of variation within a species

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6
Q

what is binomial nomenclature?

A

the method of naming organisms using two names

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7
Q

which types of names are used in binomial nomenclature?

A

genus name and species name (ex: homo (genus) - sapiens (species))

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8
Q

what group of organisms can interbreed and produce fertile offspring called?

A

species

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9
Q

what are the categories used to classify organisms?

A

taxa

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10
Q

what is the evolutionary history of a species or group of organisms?

A

phylogeny

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11
Q

what is paleontology?

A

the study of fossils

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12
Q

what is a dichotomous key?

A

a key used to identify living things

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13
Q

how do we calculate the age of fossils and rocks?

A

radiometric dating

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14
Q

what makes up the 5 kingdom system?

A

animalia, plantae, fungi, protista, and monera

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15
Q

what makes up the 6 kingdom system?

A

archaebacteria, eubacteria, protista, fungi, plantae, and animalia

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16
Q

what are the types of evolution?

A

divergent evolution, convergent evolution, mutation, embryology, fossil records, etc.

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17
Q

what is divergent evolution?

A

the evolution of many different things. (homologous)

18
Q

what is convergent evolution?

A

independent evolution in different species that gives rise to similar functions. (analogous)

19
Q

what is embryology?

A

the study of the formation and development of an embryo and fetus

20
Q

what are fossil records?

A

all the fossils that have been found, along with their relative ages

21
Q

what is lamarck’s theory of evolution?

A

anything that happens to a parent during its life is passed onto its offspring

22
Q

what is spontaneous generation?

A

the belief that living things arose from non-living things

23
Q

what is darwin’s theory of evolution?

A

those with reproductive/genetic success will pass on the preferred variation to their offspring through a process of elimination

24
Q

what is beneficial mutation?

A

mutations that enhance an organism’s fitness (reproductive success)

25
Q

what is harmful mutation?

A

mutations that reduce an organism’s fitness (reproductive success)

26
Q

what is neutral mutation?

A

a mutation that does not affect an organism’s fitness (reproductive success)

27
Q

what is a homologous feature?

A

features with similar structures but different functions

28
Q

what is an analogous feature?

A

features that are similar in appearance but don’t have the same evolutionary origin

29
Q

what is natural selection?

A

reproductive success of individuals caused by variation in their inherited characteristics

30
Q

what is artificial selection?

A

the process of human selecting and breeding individuals with desired traits

31
Q

what is survival of the fittest?

A

organisms with successful genes/traits will outlive those without them and pass the traits down to offspring

32
Q

what is sexual reproduction?

A

production of offspring by two parents, in which offspring have genes from both parents

33
Q

what is asexual reproduction?

A

production of offspring from one parent, offspring are all identical

34
Q

what is the theory of gradualism?

A

the idea that speciation occurs slowly

35
Q

what is the theory of punctuated equilibrium?

A

the idea that species evolve rapidly, followed by a period of little to no change

36
Q

what is speciation?

A

a group within a species separates from other members of its species and develops its own unique characteristics

37
Q

what is allopatric speciation?

A

occurs when a species separates into two separate groups that are isolated from one another

38
Q

what are vestigial features?

A

structures with no useful function

39
Q

what is a species that is only found in one location?

A

endemic

40
Q

what is biogeography?

A

the study of the geographic distribution of life on earth

41
Q

what is the difference between archaebacteria and eubacteria?

A

eubacteria’s cell wall contains peptidoglycan whilst archaebacteria’s cell wall does not

42
Q

what acronym is used for the taxa categories?

A

king (kingdom) philip (phylum) can (class) only (order) find (family) green (genus) shoes (species)

bio 20 unit 1 (10 decks)

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