blood Flashcards
what percent of our blood is polasma?
55%
what makes up 45% of our blood?
red blood cells/erythrocytes
what makes up under 1% of our blood?
white blood cells/leukocytes
what are the functions of blood?
carry O2, CO2, nutrients, and hormones, fight of infection, blood clotting, body temperature
what does fibrinogens help with?
blood clotting
what do vaccines do?
a form of medicine that teaches your body how to fight off viruses and bacteria
what do platelets do?
help blood clot
how does fibrinogen turn into fibrin?
fibrinogen is turned into fibrin by an enzyme called thrombin
what does fibrin do?
forms a web that traps blood cells to create a clot and stop bleeding
what are non-specific white blood cells?
macrophages and neutrophils
where are T cells made?
bone marrow
which blood type does mom have if erythrocytosis occurs?
mom has (-) blood while baby has (+)
which white blood cells puncture viruses and cancer cells?
killer T cells
what do helper T cells do?
send signals from macrophages to B cells
what do suppressor T cells do?
turn off the immune system once the “fight” against bacteria is over
what is the inactive clotting form?
fibrinogen
what is fibrin?
the active clotting form
what is hemophilia?
a blood clotting issue (platelets are failing)
what does HIV attack?
helper T cells
which blood type is the universal DONOR?
O-
which blood type is the universal RECEIVER?
AB+
what is a thrembus?
an unmoving and unwanted blood clot
what is an embololus?
a moving unwanted blood clot
what are vaccinations?
dead pathogens, weakened pathogens, and antigens off pathogens
what types of proteins are in the blood?
albumins, globulins, and fibrinogens
what do albumins do?
establish osmotic pressure and draw water back into capillaries
what provides protection against invading microbes?
globulins
what does vasodilation do?
reduce blood flow so platelets can become sticky and plug the cut
how long do erythrocytes live for?
120 days
what does hemoglobin do?
increases bloods ability to carry O2
how many hemoglobin molecules are in the blood?
280 million
how long can blood live without O2 with and without hemoglobin?
with hemoglobin-a few mins
without-4.5 seconds
where are white blood cells located?
the liver and spleen
what do white blood cells do for red blood cells?
monitor the red blood cells age and remove debris
what is anemia?
reduction in blood oxygen levels due to low levels of hemoglobin or poor red blood cell production
what causes anemia?
hemorrhaging and iron deficiency
what is sickle cell anemia?
difficulty moving O2 and CO2 in the blood
how long is sickle bloods life span?
10-20 days
what is the main difference between leukocytes and erythrocytes?
leukocytes have a nucleus and erythrocytes do not
what are glycoproteins?
markers located on the surface of erythrocytes
which substance, usually a protein, that the body recognizes as “safe”?
antibodies
