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Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Ablative

A

The development of a hard char
that resists the erosion of fire
and flames; a characteristic of a
firestop when exposed to fire.
TDMM.* Page G-2

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2
Q

AHJ

A

Authority Having Jurisdiction
The building official, electrical
inspector, fire marshal, or other
individuals or entities
responsible for interpretation
and enforcement of local
building and electrical codes.
TDMM: Page G-14

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3
Q

Annular Space

A

The ring of space outside of a
pipe or cable penetrating a fire-
rated barrier, but inside the hole
or sleeve in the barrier.
TDMM.* Page G-9

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4
Q

Cementitious Firestop

A

A firestopping material that is
mixed with water and is similar
in appearance to concrete
or mortar.
TDMM: Page G-33

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5
Q

Engineering
Judgement

A

In firestopping, a document
furnished by a firestop
manufacturer’s qualified
technical personnel or in concert
with the manufacturer by a
knowledgeable registered
professional engineer for
nonstandard conditions in which
a firestop system does not exist.
TDMM.* Page G-70

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6
Q

Fire Detection

A

The means of detecting the
occurrence of heat, smoke, or
other particles or products of
combustion.
TDMM.* Page G-79

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7
Q

Fire Protection

A

The active means of detecting
and suppressing fires.
TDMM: Page G-79

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8
Q

Fire-Rated Assembly

A

A fire-rated architectural barrier
assembly designed and installed to
contain a fire within a specified
space for the rated amount of time.
The barrier includes both the
membrane material e.g., gypsum,
metal, concrete) and the barrier’s
interior (e.g., studs, insulation). The
barrier assembly includes the
barrier itself and any architectural
openings (e.g., windows or doors
and their frames).
TDMM.* Page G-80

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9
Q

Fire Resistance

A

A property of a material or rated
assembly of materials that can
withstand combustion and delay
the passage of flame for some
known period of time.
TDMM.* Page G-79

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10
Q

Firestop

A

A fire-rated material, device, or
assembly of parts installed in a
penetration in a fire-rated barrier
in accordance with a firestop
system or engineering judgment
to prevent the spread of fire,
temperature, and gases of
combustion.
TDMM: Page G-80

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11
Q

Flame

A

A body or stream of gaseous
material involved in the
combustion process of a fire,
which emits radiant energy
within wavelength bands
specific to the combustion
chemistry of the fuel. In most
cases, some portion of the
emitted radiant energy is visible
to the human eye.
TDMM.* Page G-81

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12
Q

Interstitial Space

A

A small or narrow space located
above or below the occupied
space on each floor. It is used
for routing building services
(e.g., lighting, heating,
ventilation, and air-conditioning
[HVAC], power,
telecommunications, plumbing).
TDMM.* Page G-101

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13
Q

Intumescent

A

The ability to expand to close
gaps or voids in through-
penetration openings when
exposed to high temperature
conditions.
TDMM.* Page G-IOI

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14
Q

Listed

A

One of four product test ratings
used in the United States (Listed,
Classified Recognized, Verified). A
product is listed after it
successfully completes a series of
mechanical, electrical, and thermal
characteristics tests that simulate
all reasonable foreseeable
hazards. This classification is
exclusive to the product for the
specific applications for which it
was tested and is not valid for
other applications.
TDMM.* Page G-111

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15
Q

Membrane Penetration

A

An opening through only one
surface or side of a barrier.
TDMM.* Page G-119

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16
Q

NRTL

A

Nationally Recognized
Testing Laboratory
An organization recognized by
the government and industry
that tests products according to
their application or purpose.
Test results are often used for
insurance underwriting.
TDMM.* G-127

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17
Q

Penetration

A

An opening made in a barrier
(architectural structure or
assembly). There are two types
of penetration: a membrane
penetration pierces or interrupts
the outside surface of only one
side of a barrier; a through
penetration pierces or interrupts
both outside surfaces
of a barrier.
TDMM.* Page G-139

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18
Q

Qualified

A

Indicates compliance or
accordance with specific
standards or requirements.
TDMM.* Page G-155

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19
Q

What do the terms
qualified and listed mean
when they are used to
describe a firestop system?

A

That the firestop system has
been tested by a nationally
recognized testing laboratory
(NRTL) and certified as
compliant with the conditions of
individual test standards.
TDMM.* Page 7-1

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20
Q

Name 4 secondary
functions that may be
performed by a firestop
system.

A

1 .Acting as environmental
protection seals
2.Providing sound attenuation or
acoustical sealing
3.Sealing around pipes that reach
high temperatures and may move
axially or laterally
4.Resisting the effects of explosion
TDMM.* Page 7-2

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21
Q

Name the 4 keys to
fire protection.

A

1 .Prevention
2.Detection
3.Suppression
4.Compartmentation (containment)
TDMM.* Page 7-3

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22
Q

What is compartmentation?

A

The process of limiting fire and
smoke using fire-resistive
barriers to contain and localize
fire, smoke, and other
combustible byproducts so that
fire can be suppressed, while
allowing occupants time to
egress and firefighters
a safe ingress
TDMM.* Page 7-3

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23
Q

What are the 3 pillars of
a balanced approach to
fire protection?

A

1 .Compartmentation
2.Detection
3.Suppression
TDMM.* Page 7-3

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24
Q

Name the 4 types of
firestop applications.

A

1 .Through-penetration firestop
systems
2.Membrane-penetration
firestop systems
3.Joint firestop systems
4.Perimeter fire barrier systems
TDMM.* Page 7-4

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25
What is a penetration?
Location where a cable, conduit, or sleeve system passes through an opening in a fire- rated wall or floor. TDMM.* Page 7-4
26
What type of penetration occurs when the service element passes through both sides of the assembly?
Through penetration TDMM: Page 7-4
27
What type of penetration occurs when the service element passes through only a single side or membrane of the assembly?
Membrane penetration TDMM.* Page 7-4
28
Who is generally required to properly seal the opening to restore the integrity of the barrier that has been penetrated?
Generally, the trade that penetrated the barrier is responsible for properly sealing it to restore the integrity of the barrier. TDMM.* Page 7-5
29
Name 4 factors that contribute to the design of the fire-resistive rated barriers.
1.Type of construction 2.Occupancy levels 3.Purpose of the building 4. Exit routes TDMM.* Page 7-6
30
What nullifies the hourly fire resistance rating of the barrier?
Any disruption in the continuity or integrity of the surface TDMM.* Page 7-7
31
A firestop system shall provide an appropriate balance between what 3 factors?
1 .Durability 2.Ease of installation 3.Ease of maintenance TDMM.* Page 7-8
32
Name 2 requirements for performing a firestop repair.
1 .Must be qualified by performance tests or engineered judgments 2.Must be simple to achieve
33
Name 5 criteria that are used to select a firestop system for a construction or renovation project.
1 .Qualification testing 2.1nstallation efficiency 3.Maintenance convenience 4.Future cable moves, adds, or changes (MACs) 5.Architectural or environmental requirements TDMM: Page 7-9
34
What are the 3 parts of a firestop assembly?
1 .Floor or wall assembly 2.Penetrating items 3.Firestop materials TDMM.* Page 7-9
35
Name 3 electrical apparatuses that are tested under exposure to fire and qualified for use in fire- rated assemblies.
1 .Boxes 2.Junction boxes 3.Fixtures TDMM.* Page 7-9
36
How is fire resistance of penetration firestops evaluated?
Under positive pressure, time versus temperature, and furnace conditions TDMM.* Page 7-11
37
Name the 2 referenced test standards for firestop systems that are used in the United States.
1 .ASTM E814, Standard Test Method for Fire Tests of Through-Penetration Firestop Systems 2.UL 1479, Standard Test Method for Fire Tests of Through-Penetration Firestops TDMM.* Page 7-11
38
Name the 4 ratings provided by ASTM E814 and UL 1479.
1 .F rating 2. T rating 3.W rating 4.L rating TDMM.* Page 7-11
39
What referenced test standard for firestop systems is used in Canada?
CAN/ULC s-1 1 5, Fire Tests of Firestop Systems TDMM.* Page 7-71
40
What is the primary difference between the U.S. and Canadian referenced test standards for firestop systems?
The Canadian standard requires a higher positive pressure differential for plastic pipe than the U.S. standards do. TDMM.* Page 7-11
41
Name the 4 ratings included in the CAN/ULC s-115 standard.
1.F rating 2.FH rating 3.FT rating 4.FTH rating TDMM.* Page 7-11
42
Define F rating.
Time period (expressed in hours) that an assembly resists flame passage TDMM.* Page 7-13, Table 7.3
43
Define T rating.
Time by which the unexposed (non-fireside) side of an assembly reaches =181 oc (358 OF) over the initial starting temperature TDMM.* Page 7-13, Table 7.3
44
How do the F rating and the FH rating differ per the CAN/ULC Sl 1 5?
The main difference is that the FH rating requires a hose stream test where the F rating does not. TDMM: Page 7-13, Table 7.3
45
Define L rating.
Air leakage test run at ambient and elevated temperatures -204 oc (400 OF) to simulate smoke leakage through firestopping systems TDMM: Page 7-13, Table 7.3
46
Define W rating.
Water leakage test where the firestop system is subjected to a =0.91 m (3 ft) water column for a period of 72 hours TDMM.* Page 7-13, Table 7.3
47
When is a hose stream test conducted?
Within 10 minutes of removing the assembly from the furnace fire TDMM.* Page 7-14
48
How far is the hose from the assembly during a hose stream test?
-6.1 m (20 ft) TDMM.* Page 7-14
49
What is a successful hose stream test?
One where no water is observed passing through to the unexposed side of the assembly at the conclusion of the test TDMM.* Page 7-14
50
Why might the L rating be useful for installations in a health care facility?
Because it is a sealing rating, it can be used to help prevent the spread of airborne, communicable diseases. TDMM.* Page 7-14
51
What is the most common use for the L rating?
As a predictor of smoke movement in buildings TDMM.* Page 7-14
52
Where does most air leakage occur?
Around the penetrating item and within grouped penetrating items TDMM.* Page 7-15
53
True or False An area-adjusted value is the preferred measurement for L ratings.
False. Actual leakage values are easier to interpret and understand than area-adjusted values. TDMM.* Page 7-15
54
Why were W rating criteria established?
To address concerns where water stands on top of a firestop seal for a prolonged period of time TDMM.* Page 7-15
55
True or False W ratings are a measure of early rain resistance.
False. W ratings are not a measure of early rain resistance. TDMM.* Page 7-75
56
How is the T rating expressed?
In hours or minutes TDMM.* Page 7-16
57
What is the purpose of qualification testing for a firestop?
To provide evidence of the system's performance across the range of conditions known or expected to exist for any sealing situation TDMM.* Page 7-18
58
Name 2 types of locations where firestop systems are tested.
1 .Sleeve systems 2.Construction that is representative of the barrier into which the firestop system is installed TDMM.* Page 7-18
59
What is a firestop system required to demonstrate?
The ability to perform despite the mass of thermal-conducting elements expected to penetrate openings and combustible or degradable material likely to penetrate openings TDMM.* Page 7-18
60
Name 2 broad categories of firestop systems.
1 .Mechanical 2.Non-mechanical TDMM.* Page 7-79
61
How is a mechanical firestop typically described?
As a product that is furnished in its final form to the project site TDMM.* Page 7-79
62
How are non-mechanical firestops generally described?
A product that is assembled or installed in a precise manner to achieve a particular fire rating TDMM.* Page 7-19
63
Name 3 common categories of mechanical firestop systems.
1 .Cable transit systems 2.Fire-rated pathway devices 3.Factory-fabricated sleeve systems TDMM.* Page 7-79
64
What is a cable transit system?
Cable transit systems consist of pre-manufactured elastomeric components shaped to fit around standard cables, tubes, conduits, and waveguides. TDMM.* Page 7-19
65
Why are modular systems the most useful type of mechanical firestop system?
Because they offer maximum flexibility in accepting multiple elements of different diameters TDMM: Page 7-20
66
Why must all modular systems be equipped with a means of compression?
Because compression is required to establish a tight seal TDMM.* Page 7-79
67
What is a fire-rated pathway device?
A modular device that integrates a built-in firestopping system, which eliminates the need to remove or install firestopping materials TDMM.* Page 7-21
68
Describe a factory- fabricated sleeve system.
A kit that includes a tube or sleeve, along with locking escutcheon plates that mechanically attach the device in the barrier TDMM.* Page 7-23
69
Why are all prefabricate intumescent firestop collars split?
To facilitate installation around continuous penetrants TDMM.* Page 7-23
70
Why do cast-in-place firestop systems require a high degree of upfront planning?
Because once the device is set in place, there is virtually no flexibility in routing penetrants through the devices. TDMM.* Page 7-25
71
List 4 characteristics of putty available in bulk, bars, or sticks.
1 .Have the consistency of glazing putty 2.Remain permanently soft and pliable 3.Allow easy firestop reentry 4.May be installed in conjunction with ceramic fiber, mineral wool filler, or other approved fill material as required TDMM.* Page 7-27
72
True or False The use of putty pads on boxes can impede sound transmission through walls.
True. The use of putty pads on boxes can impede sound transmission through walls. TDMM.* Page 7-27
73
What is a potential problem associated with using certain clay-based firestop putties?
Certain clay-based products can dry out over time, thereby allowing pads installed within wall cavities to fall away from the box or fixture. TDMM.* Page 7-27
74
Name 2 characteristics of caulks and sealants.
1 .Cure after a relatively short time to form a tight seal 2.Are dispensed either from standard caulk tubes, rolled packages, or large pails TDMM.* Page 7-28
75
What happens when an installer needs to re-enter a penetration that has been sealed with firestopping caulk?
The installer will have to cut into the seal because caulks dry or harden. TDMM.* Page 7-28
76
Name 3 characteristics of cementitious materials.
1 .Dry powder 2.Premixed or mixed with water 3.More adaptable to large openings than putty or caulk TDMM.* Page 7-28
77
True or False Grout is an acceptable substitute for a cementitious firestop.
False. Grout is not an acceptable substitute for a cementitious firestop. Although this substitution is often tried, it is not acceptable. TDMM.* Page 7-29
78
How is an intumescent sheet with a sheet metal backing likely to be used?
To seal large openings for cable, conduit, metal, or non-metallic pipe TDMM.* Page 7-29
79
What is an intumescent wrap strip?
A thin, rubber-like strip, usually furnished in a roll. Often used to firestop plastic piping, insulated metal piping, cable/cable bundles, plastic conduit, innerduct, or any other material that may burn away in a fire and leave a significant void. TDMM.* Page 7-29
80
What is a major weakness of silicone foams?
They have a tendency to shrink over time, which may cause leakage and potential hazard. TDMM.* Page 7-29
81
How does a pillow's fiber matrix react to fire?
It intumesces or swells to provide further sealing and becomes rigid, allowing the pillow seal to withstand the force of a hose stream as required by fire-test standards. TDMM.* Page 7-30
82
Describe intumescent blocks.
Ready-to-use standard-sized foam blocks that are stacked in an opening or as a wall TDMM.* Page 7-30
83
Why are firestop bags installed with "chicken wire"?
Bags should always be installed with heavy-gauge hexagonal wire mesh referred to as chicken wire). In floors, install the hexagonal wire mesh on the bottom to prevent settling of the loose-fill material that can gradually cause bags to fall out of the opening. TDMM: Page 7-30
84
Describe a plenum shield blanket.
A high-temperature ceramic blanket designed to provide a noncombustible barrier for combustible items located within rated return-air plenums TDMM.* Page 7-30
85
Name 4 types of packing or forming materials.
1 .MineraI wool batt insulation 2.Glass fiber batt insulation 3.Ceramic fiber insulation 4.Foam backer rods TDMM.* Page 7-31
86
What is the melting point of glass fiber batt insulation?
Around 649 oc (1200 OF), which means it may melt prematurely in under fire conditions TDMM.* Page 7-31
87
Why has the industry moved away from using ceramic fiber insulation?
Testing has shown that it MAY be carcinogenic. TDMM.* Page 7-31
88
How are foam backer rods typically used?
As a form in firestop systems to ensure that the proper depth of fill material is achieved TDMM.* Page 7-31
89
Name 6 firestop parameters for penetrations in concrete walls.
1 .Wall thickness 2.Hourly rating required 3.0pening size 4.Annular space 5.Sleeve systems 6.Material selection TDMM.* Page 7-32
90
Name 4 firestop parameters for penetrations in framed wall assemblies.
1 .Hourly rating 2.Opening size 3.Annular space 4.Sleeve systems TDMM.* Page 7-36
91
What is a preferred solution for firestopping existing penetrations?
A split-sleeve system assembly that can be installed around the existing cables without interrupting service TDMM.* Page 7-39
92
Name 4 benefits of a sleeve system.
1 .Ease of installation 2.Supports and protects cables being installed 3.Packed with mineral wool or ceramic fiber and intumescent fill material 4. Re-enter-able TDMM.* Page 7-41
93
What guidelines should be used to firestop through penetrations?
Through penetrations should be firestopped according to the guidelines for the basic construction of the two outermost layers of combination wall. TDMM.* Page 7-42
94
How should load-bearing stud walls that are part of combination walls be firestopped?
By enclosing (boxing) the penetration in the cavity TDMM.* Page 7-42
95
How should partial (membrane) penetrations in a combination wall be firestopped?
According to the recommendations for the type of wall that is being penetrated TDMM.* Page 7-42
96
Who must be consulted before a rated floor can be penetrated?
Project structural engineer TDMM.* Page 7-43
97
What firestop method should be used for pipes, conduits, sleeves, innerducts, cable trays, and cable penetrations in acoustic ceiling materials?
Fully surround with mineral wool or ceramic fiber insulation and flash or use a permanently pliable putty or firestop caulk. TDMM.* Page 7-45, Table 7.6
98
What method should be used to firestop concrete ceilings where the penetrating item is either a pipe, conduit, sleeve, innerduct, cable tray, or cable?
Use the same method as specified for concrete floor systems. TDMM: Page 7-45, Table 7.7
99
Name 2 reasons why firefighters vent the roof during a fire.
1 . To prevent the heat buildup 2. To reduce the possibility of roof collapse TDMM.* Page 7-47
100
True or False Elements contained in vertical shafts do not need to be firestopped within the shafts at the floor/ceiling assemblies.
True. Elements (e.g., pipes, ducts, cables, cable trays) contained in vertical shafts do not need to be firestopped within the shafts at the floor/ceiling assemblies. Any distribution penetrations, however, that breech the integrity of the shaft should be sealed with a qualified firestop system. TDMM.* Page 7-48
101
What should the installer do after labeling each penetration?
Take a photo/video of each penetration and submit it to the authority having jurisdiction TDMM.* Page 7-53

MJ Class (23 decks)

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