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BMS 110 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

this system serves to connect all tissues of the body together

A

Cardiovascular system

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2
Q

the cardiovascular system serves to connect all tissues of the body together

A

purpose of the cardiovascular system

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3
Q

There are three components of the cardiovascular system, what are they?

A

Blood, Vasculature, heart

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4
Q

This component contains multiple types of cells, cellular products, and plasma ECM what is it?

A

Blood

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5
Q

*Chemical nutrients, hormones, and other signaling molecules

A

blood

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6
Q

This includes all of the blood vessels in the body

A

vasculature

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7
Q

*This serves to direct blood from the heart to tissues, and from the tissues back to the heart
*arteries, arterioles, capillaries
*venules, veins, Vena Cava

A

Vasculature

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8
Q

*multiple tissue layers involved
*endothelium, smooth muscle, connective tissues, and innervation

A

vasculature

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9
Q

________ flows through the entire ______________ tree and heart in a specific direction/order

A
  1. blood
  2. vascular
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10
Q

intrinsic control of muscle contraction (heart beat)

A

autorhythmic

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11
Q

provides pressure force to push blood volume through the entire vascular tree

A

heart

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12
Q

epithelial lining cardiovascular system

A

endocardium/endothelium

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13
Q

cardiac muscle cells

A

myocardium

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14
Q

serous membrane

A

pericardium

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15
Q

this side supplies the pulmonary circuit

A

right side

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16
Q

this side supplies the body

A

left side

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17
Q

upper half of the heart

A

atrium

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18
Q

lower half of the heart

A

ventricle

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19
Q

*between the atrium and ventricle
*attached to chordae tendinea and papillary muscles

A

atrioventricular valve

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20
Q

between ventricle and vessel carrying blood out of the heart

A

semilunar valve

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21
Q

*pulmonary trunk carries 02 poor blood toward lungs
*aorta carries 02 rich blood toward tissues

A

superior

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22
Q

apex, bottom “point”

A

inferior

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23
Q

these take blood away from the heart

A

arteries

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24
Q

these take blood to the heart

A

veins

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25
Q

Step of the Cardiac Cycle (blood flow)

A
  1. Vena Cava
  2. Right Atrium
  3. Right Ventricle
  4. On to lungs
  5. Back to the left atrium
  6. left ventricle and then out to the body through the aorta
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26
Q

Steps of the Cardiac Cycle (muscle movement)

A

A. Diastole
B. Atrial Systole
B. Ventricular Systole

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27
Q

this node sends electrical signals to the atria

A

sinoatrial node

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28
Q

this node sends signal down septum in bundle, branches across ventricles

A

Atrioventricular

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29
Q

contraction is due to cellular what?

A

depolarization

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30
Q

relaxation is due to cell what?

A

repolarization

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31
Q

SA node fires, causing atrial cell depolarization

A

P-wave

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32
Q

created by the simultaneous depolarization of ventricular cells

A

QRS Complex

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33
Q

Ventricular cells relax and repolarize, marking the return to diastole

A

T-wave

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34
Q

from atrial depolarization to ventricular depolarization

A

P-R Interval

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35
Q

total time of ventricular contraction and relaxation

A

Q-T interval

36
Q

modulate the baseline rate to meet the immediate demands of the body

A

extrinsic controls

37
Q

this center can override the intrinsic heartbeat, increasing or decreasing the rate as necessary

A

medulla oblongata

38
Q

beats per minute

A

pulse

39
Q

liters per minute from each ventricle

A

cardiac output

40
Q

order of how blood moves through the body

A
  1. Artery
  2. arteriole
  3. capillary bed
  4. venule
  5. vein
41
Q

these carry blood away from the heart; they also consist of three layers: outer, middle, and inner. What is it?

A

arteries

42
Q

this carries blood away from the heart; it has two layers: smooth muscle and endothelium. What is it?

A

arteriole

43
Q

this helps to regulate blood pressure; it dilates and constricts

A

arteriole

44
Q

blood flows through these very slowly to allow time for exchange of nutrients and wastes

A

Capillary

45
Q

Through this vessels porous walls happens the diffusion of fluids and solutes across

A

Capillary

46
Q

Only some capillary beds are open at a certain time and this helps maintain that

A

precapillary sphincter

47
Q

function somewhat like arterioles (no diffusion)

A

venules

48
Q

has a large diameter and low-resistance transports blood back to the heart.

A

Veins

49
Q

This has three layers
*outer layer of connective tissue
*middle layer of smooth muscle and elastic fibers
*inner layer of endothelium

A

Veins

50
Q

Valves are also a part of this vessel and they act as a blood reservoir

A

veins

51
Q

this monitors the resting blood pressure

A

medulla

52
Q

this is a form of dilation

A

vasodilation

53
Q

this is a form of constriction

A

vasoconstriction

54
Q

this keeps blood pressure within normal limits in the face of sudden changes

A

Baroreceptor reflex

55
Q

where are baroreceptors found?

A

the carotid arteries in the neck, and in the arch of the aorta

56
Q

This is to and from the lungs; exchange of CO2 for O2 in the lungs

A

Pulmonary Circuit

57
Q

to body’s tissues; bring this O2 to tissues; carries CO2 and waste away from tissues

A

Systematic Circuit

58
Q

Carries O2 rich blood to the small intestine

A

Mesenteric artery

59
Q

What is a portal vein?

A

Connect two separate capillary beds - digestive bed to liver bed

60
Q

back to the heart (inferior vena cava)

A

Hepatic Vein

61
Q

Hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart attack, heart failure, embolism, stroke, varicose veins

A

Most Common Cardiovascular diseases

62
Q

The “silent killer” – often without symptoms
120/80 or below

A

Hypertension

63
Q

Leaky capillaries
Internal bruising
Stroke

A

Chronic Hypertension

64
Q

Dietary restrictions – reduce SUGAR!!!!
Moderate exercise
Reducing smoking and drinking
Medications

A

Control of hypertension

65
Q

Hardening and Thickening of arteries due to chronic hypertension

A

Atherosclerosis

66
Q

block lumen and reduce blood flow

A

plaque accumulation

67
Q

clot blocks blood flow

A

Thrombosis

68
Q

clot dislodged floats into other organ and blocks blood flow

A

Embolism

69
Q

embolism in brain

A

stroke

70
Q

blocks part of brain from receiving O2 and nutrients; must act F.A.S.T.

A

Stroke

71
Q

*Sudden difficulty speaking, blindness in one eye, and numbness and/or weakness, usually on one side of the body
*Stroke can also cause aphasia (loss of speech), loss of fine motor control, paralysis, or even death

A

Symptoms of a stroke

72
Q

This occurs when a vessel wall “balloons” under pressure

A

Aneurysm

73
Q

An embolism or aneurysm in the brain can cause a ?

A

Stroke

74
Q

Lack of O2 to cardiac muscle
Coronary artery blockage

A

Myocardial Infarction or Heart Attack

75
Q

Main difference from heart attack is that this is the result of narrowed coronary arteries
Pain resulting from temporary loss of oxygen to heart

A

Angina

76
Q

occurs upon strenuous activity
can be treated by reducing activity and/or quitting smoking

A

stable angina

77
Q

occurs without apparent stimulus
an early warning of impending heart attack

A

unstable angina

78
Q

*Fatigue
*Difficulty breathing
*Tachycardia (rapid heart rate – above 100 beats per minute)
*accommodation
*Pulmonary edema
*Death due to fluid build-up in the lungs

A

Symptoms of Congestive heart failure

79
Q

allowing fluid to back up and leak into the lungs
causing pulmonary edema

A

weak and ineffective pump (heart failure)

80
Q

leaky valves and week walls cause expansion

A

distension of venous walls near valves

81
Q

involve venules not veins
surface venules fill with blood but do not empty

A

spider veins

82
Q

Distensions of venous walls near valves
spider veins

A

Varicose veins

83
Q

abnormal heart rhythms

A

Arrythmias

84
Q

low heart rate

A

bradycardia

85
Q

high heart rate

A

tachycardia

86
Q

disorganize contraction

A

ventricular

87
Q

recording of the electrical activity of the cardiac cycle

A

ECG or electrocardiogram

BMS 110 (11 decks)

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