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BMS 110 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

this system serves to connect all tissues of the body together

A

Cardiovascular system

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2
Q

the cardiovascular system serves to connect all tissues of the body together

A

purpose of the cardiovascular system

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3
Q

There are three components of the cardiovascular system, what are they?

A

Blood, Vasculature, heart

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4
Q

This component contains multiple types of cells, cellular products, and plasma ECM what is it?

A

Blood

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5
Q

*Chemical nutrients, hormones, and other signaling molecules

A

blood

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6
Q

This includes all of the blood vessels in the body

A

vasculature

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7
Q

*This serves to direct blood from the heart to tissues, and from the tissues back to the heart
*arteries, arterioles, capillaries
*venules, veins, Vena Cava

A

Vasculature

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8
Q

*multiple tissue layers involved
*endothelium, smooth muscle, connective tissues, and innervation

A

vasculature

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9
Q

________ flows through the entire ______________ tree and heart in a specific direction/order

A
  1. blood
  2. vascular
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10
Q

intrinsic control of muscle contraction (heart beat)

A

autorhythmic

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11
Q

provides pressure force to push blood volume through the entire vascular tree

A

heart

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12
Q

epithelial lining cardiovascular system

A

endocardium/endothelium

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13
Q

cardiac muscle cells

A

myocardium

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14
Q

serous membrane

A

pericardium

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15
Q

this side supplies the pulmonary circuit

A

right side

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16
Q

this side supplies the body

A

left side

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17
Q

upper half of the heart

A

atrium

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18
Q

lower half of the heart

A

ventricle

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19
Q

*between the atrium and ventricle
*attached to chordae tendinea and papillary muscles

A

atrioventricular valve

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20
Q

between ventricle and vessel carrying blood out of the heart

A

semilunar valve

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21
Q

*pulmonary trunk carries 02 poor blood toward lungs
*aorta carries 02 rich blood toward tissues

A

superior

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22
Q

apex, bottom “point”

A

inferior

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23
Q

these take blood away from the heart

A

arteries

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24
Q

these take blood to the heart

A

veins

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25
Step of the Cardiac Cycle (blood flow)
1. Vena Cava 2. Right Atrium 3. Right Ventricle 4. On to lungs 5. Back to the left atrium 6. left ventricle and then out to the body through the aorta
26
Steps of the Cardiac Cycle (muscle movement)
A. Diastole B. Atrial Systole B. Ventricular Systole
27
this node sends electrical signals to the atria
sinoatrial node
28
this node sends signal down septum in bundle, branches across ventricles
Atrioventricular
29
contraction is due to cellular what?
depolarization
30
relaxation is due to cell what?
repolarization
31
SA node fires, causing atrial cell depolarization
P-wave
32
created by the simultaneous depolarization of ventricular cells
QRS Complex
33
Ventricular cells relax and repolarize, marking the return to diastole
T-wave
34
from atrial depolarization to ventricular depolarization
P-R Interval
35
total time of ventricular contraction and relaxation
Q-T interval
36
modulate the baseline rate to meet the immediate demands of the body
extrinsic controls
37
this center can override the intrinsic heartbeat, increasing or decreasing the rate as necessary
medulla oblongata
38
beats per minute
pulse
39
liters per minute from each ventricle
cardiac output
40
order of how blood moves through the body
1. Artery 2. arteriole 3. capillary bed 4. venule 5. vein
41
these carry blood away from the heart; they also consist of three layers: outer, middle, and inner. What is it?
arteries
42
this carries blood away from the heart; it has two layers: smooth muscle and endothelium. What is it?
arteriole
43
this helps to regulate blood pressure; it dilates and constricts
arteriole
44
blood flows through these very slowly to allow time for exchange of nutrients and wastes
Capillary
45
Through this vessels porous walls happens the diffusion of fluids and solutes across
Capillary
46
Only some capillary beds are open at a certain time and this helps maintain that
precapillary sphincter
47
function somewhat like arterioles (no diffusion)
venules
48
has a large diameter and low-resistance transports blood back to the heart.
Veins
49
This has three layers *outer layer of connective tissue *middle layer of smooth muscle and elastic fibers *inner layer of endothelium
Veins
50
Valves are also a part of this vessel and they act as a blood reservoir
veins
51
this monitors the resting blood pressure
medulla
52
this is a form of dilation
vasodilation
53
this is a form of constriction
vasoconstriction
54
this keeps blood pressure within normal limits in the face of sudden changes
Baroreceptor reflex
55
where are baroreceptors found?
the carotid arteries in the neck, and in the arch of the aorta
56
This is to and from the lungs; exchange of CO2 for O2 in the lungs
Pulmonary Circuit
57
to body's tissues; bring this O2 to tissues; carries CO2 and waste away from tissues
Systematic Circuit
58
Carries O2 rich blood to the small intestine
Mesenteric artery
59
What is a portal vein?
Connect two separate capillary beds - digestive bed to liver bed
60
back to the heart (inferior vena cava)
Hepatic Vein
61
Hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart attack, heart failure, embolism, stroke, varicose veins
Most Common Cardiovascular diseases
62
The “silent killer” – often without symptoms 120/80 or below
Hypertension
63
Leaky capillaries Internal bruising Stroke
Chronic Hypertension
64
Dietary restrictions – reduce SUGAR!!!! Moderate exercise Reducing smoking and drinking Medications
Control of hypertension
65
Hardening and Thickening of arteries due to chronic hypertension
Atherosclerosis
66
block lumen and reduce blood flow
plaque accumulation
67
clot blocks blood flow
Thrombosis
68
clot dislodged floats into other organ and blocks blood flow
Embolism
69
embolism in brain
stroke
70
blocks part of brain from receiving O2 and nutrients; must act F.A.S.T.
Stroke
71
*Sudden difficulty speaking, blindness in one eye, and numbness and/or weakness, usually on one side of the body *Stroke can also cause aphasia (loss of speech), loss of fine motor control, paralysis, or even death
Symptoms of a stroke
72
This occurs when a vessel wall "balloons" under pressure
Aneurysm
73
An embolism or aneurysm in the brain can cause a ?
Stroke
74
Lack of O2 to cardiac muscle Coronary artery blockage
Myocardial Infarction or Heart Attack
75
Main difference from heart attack is that this is the result of narrowed coronary arteries Pain resulting from temporary loss of oxygen to heart
Angina
76
occurs upon strenuous activity can be treated by reducing activity and/or quitting smoking
stable angina
77
occurs without apparent stimulus an early warning of impending heart attack
unstable angina
78
*Fatigue *Difficulty breathing *Tachycardia (rapid heart rate – above 100 beats per minute) *accommodation *Pulmonary edema *Death due to fluid build-up in the lungs
Symptoms of Congestive heart failure
79
allowing fluid to back up and leak into the lungs causing pulmonary edema
weak and ineffective pump (heart failure)
80
leaky valves and week walls cause expansion
distension of venous walls near valves
81
involve venules not veins surface venules fill with blood but do not empty
spider veins
82
Distensions of venous walls near valves spider veins
Varicose veins
83
abnormal heart rhythms
Arrythmias
84
low heart rate
bradycardia
85
high heart rate
tachycardia
86
disorganize contraction
ventricular
87
recording of the electrical activity of the cardiac cycle
ECG or electrocardiogram

BMS 110 (11 decks)

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