Chapter 4

Question 1

specialization of cells to take on different forms and functions

Answer 1

Differentiation

Question 2

are the foundation cells for every organ, tissue, and cell in the body

Answer 2

Stem Cells

Question 3

have the ability to differentiate into all cells of the human body

Answer 3

Pluripotent

Question 4

limited to differentiate only specialized cell types in an organ or tissue

Answer 4

adult

Question 5

the study of tissues

Answer 5

Histology

Question 6

collection of cells of the same type

Answer 6

Tissues

Question 7

What are the 4 major tissue types?

Answer 7

Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, Nervous

Question 8

protection, transport, secretion, and absorption

Answer 8

epithelial tissue

Question 9

structural support

Answer 9

connective tissue

Question 10

movement

Answer 10

muscle tissue

Question 11

communication, coordination, and control

Answer 11

Nervous tissue

Question 12

body structure that integrates different tissues and carries out a specific function

Answer 12

Organ

Question 13

a set of organs that interacts to carry out a major body function

Answer 13

organ system

Question 14

Organization of the Tissue types or the order of the layers of tissue

Answer 14

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous

Question 15

one layer of cells

Answer 15

simple

Question 16

one layer but looks like several

Answer 16

pseudostratified

Question 17

several layers of cells

Answer 17

stratified

Question 18

moves from several layers to a single layer

Answer 18

transitional

Question 19

what are glands composed of?

Answer 19

Cuboidal Epithelial tissue

Question 20

How are glands classified?

Answer 20

by how their secretions are released

Question 21

these glands secrete into ducts

Answer 21

exocrine glands

Question 22

What are the three examples of exocrine glands?

Answer 22

Salivary glands
Sweat glands
Mammary glands

Question 23

these glands have no ducts and secrete directly into the surrounding extracellular fluid

Answer 23

endocrine glands

Question 24

what are the three main types of connective tissue?

Answer 24

fibrous
supportive
fluid

Question 25

*this connects, supports, and anchors the body's parts *it is also the most abundant type of tissue

Answer 25

connective tissue

Question 26

*fiber-like structural proteins *Ground Substance *noncellular; ranges from hard to liquid

Answer 26

Extracellular matrix

Question 27

made by fibroblast cells

Answer 27

fibrous or soft connective tissue

Question 28

what are the subtypes of fibrous tissue?

Answer 28

loose, dense, and elastic

Question 29

holds down cells at their basal surface

Answer 29

basement membrane

Question 30

shape of the cells at the tissues apical surface

Answer 30

morphological classifications

Question 31

specialized supportive connective tissues

Answer 31

cartilage

Question 32

What are the three types of cartilage?

Answer 32

hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage

Question 33

fine collagen fibers

Answer 33

hyaline cartilage

Question 34

more elastic fibers than collagen fibers

Answer 34

elastic cartilage

Question 35

strong collagen fibers, aligned

Answer 35

fibrocartilage

Question 36

these are cells that live in chambers called lacunae

Answer 36

osteocytes

Question 37

Osteocytes are cells that live in chambers called___________.

Answer 37

lacunae

Question 38

lacunae chambers are connected by channels called

Answer 38

canaliculi

Question 39

What are the 2 types of Connective Bone tissue distinguished by types of fibers?

Answer 39

compact and spongy

Question 40

Brain and Spinal Cord

Answer 40

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Question 41

all of the nerves throughout the body, excluding the brain and spinal cord

Answer 41

Peripheral Nervous System

Question 42

What are the 2 main groups of cells?

Answer 42

Neurons and Neuroglia

Question 43

sensing and sending information all over the body

Answer 43

neurons

Question 44

providing physical and chemical support to neurons

Answer 44

Neuroglia

Question 45

Cell body (soma), dendrites, axons

Answer 45

Neuron Cell Parts

Question 46

carry information toward a cell body

Answer 46

dendrites

Question 47

carry information away from cell body, toward another neuron, or effector cell

Answer 47

axons

Question 48

messages from the body tissues and organs to the spinal cord

Answer 48

sensory

Question 49

conduct impulses from the spinal cord to the muscles and glands

Answer 49

motor

Question 50

located in brain and spinal cord to relay signals from sensory to motor neurons

Answer 50

interneurons

Question 51

What are the three types of Glial cells (neuroglia)?

Answer 51

Oligodendrocytes Astrocytes Microglia