Chapter 4 Flashcards
specialization of cells to take on different forms and functions
Differentiation
are the foundation cells for every organ, tissue, and cell in the body
Stem Cells
have the ability to differentiate into all cells of the human body
Pluripotent
limited to differentiate only specialized cell types in an organ or tissue
adult
the study of tissues
Histology
collection of cells of the same type
Tissues
What are the 4 major tissue types?
Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, Nervous
protection, transport, secretion, and absorption
epithelial tissue
structural support
connective tissue
movement
muscle tissue
communication, coordination, and control
Nervous tissue
body structure that integrates different tissues and carries out a specific function
Organ
a set of organs that interacts to carry out a major body function
organ system
Organization of the Tissue types or the order of the layers of tissue
Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous
one layer of cells
simple
one layer but looks like several
pseudostratified
several layers of cells
stratified
moves from several layers to a single layer
transitional
what are glands composed of?
Cuboidal Epithelial tissue
How are glands classified?
by how their secretions are released
these glands secrete into ducts
exocrine glands
What are the three examples of exocrine glands?
Salivary glands
Sweat glands
Mammary glands
these glands have no ducts and secrete directly into the surrounding extracellular fluid
endocrine glands
what are the three main types of connective tissue?
fibrous
supportive
fluid
*this connects, supports, and anchors the body’s parts
*it is also the most abundant type of tissue
connective tissue
*fiber-like structural proteins
*Ground Substance
*noncellular; ranges from hard to liquid
Extracellular matrix
made by fibroblast cells
fibrous or soft connective tissue
what are the subtypes of fibrous tissue?
loose, dense, and elastic
holds down cells at their basal surface
basement membrane
shape of the cells at the tissues apical surface
morphological classifications
specialized supportive connective tissues
cartilage
What are the three types of cartilage?
hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage
fine collagen fibers
hyaline cartilage
more elastic fibers than collagen fibers
elastic cartilage
strong collagen fibers, aligned
fibrocartilage
these are cells that live in chambers called lacunae
osteocytes
Osteocytes are cells that live in chambers called___________.
lacunae
lacunae chambers are connected by channels called
canaliculi
What are the 2 types of Connective Bone tissue distinguished by types of fibers?
compact and spongy
Brain and Spinal Cord
Central Nervous System (CNS)
all of the nerves throughout the body, excluding the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System
What are the 2 main groups of cells?
Neurons and Neuroglia
sensing and sending information all over the body
neurons
providing physical and chemical support to neurons
Neuroglia
Cell body (soma), dendrites, axons
Neuron Cell Parts
carry information toward a cell body
dendrites
carry information away from cell body, toward another neuron, or effector cell
axons
messages from the body tissues and organs to the spinal cord
sensory
conduct impulses from the spinal cord to the muscles and glands
motor
located in brain and spinal cord to relay signals from sensory to motor neurons
interneurons
What are the three types of Glial cells (neuroglia)?
Oligodendrocytes
Astrocytes
Microglia
