Chapter 19 Flashcards
the complete set of genes (& alleles) in a certain organism
genome
Experimented with Pea Plants
Gregor Mendel
based on predictions from one-trait crosses
Rule of Segregation
two genes of each pair are separated from each other, so they end up in different gametes (occurs in diploid cells)
Rule of Segregation
based on predictions from two-trait crosses
Rule of Independent Assortment
gene pairs of one trait are sorted out for distribution into one gamete or another independently of how the gene pair of another trait are sorted out (meiosis)
Rule of Independent Assortment
~ 3 billion base pairs of this
DNA
specific location of the gene on a chromosome
Locus
Humans have about this many genes
21,500
each version of a gene
Allele
two copies of each gene on pairs of homologous chromosomes
Diploid cells
observable functional or physical traits
Phenotype
inherited alleles
Genotype
Homozygous Dominant
AA
Homozygous Recessive
aa
Heterozygous
Aa
pairs of alleles separated during gamete formation
Law of Segregation
Grid used to determine possible outcomes of genetic crosses
Punnett Square
Measure of the chance that some particular outcome will occur
Probability
traits determined by genes that are on the autosomal chromosomes
Autosomal
Particular ______ for each gene
locus
occurs in meiosis
Crossing over
diploid cells have homologous pairs of these
chromosomes
genes in a diploid cell have how many alleles?
2 alleles
