Chapter 7

Question 1

The ability to store and retrieve information

Answer 1

Memory

Question 2

Inability to retrieve vast quantities of information from memory as a result of brain injury or psychological trauma.

Answer 2

Amnesia

Question 3

A condition in which people lose past memories, such as memories for events, facts, people, or even personal information.

Answer 3

Retrograde Amnesia

Question 4

A condition in which people lose the ability to form new memories.

Answer 4

Anterograde Amnesia

Question 5

A facilitation in the response to a stimulus due to recent experience with that stimulus or a related stimulus.

Answer 5

Priming

Question 6

Memory that is expressed through responses, actions, or reactions.

Answer 6

Implicit Memory

Question 7

Memory that is consciously retrieved.

Answer 7

Explicit Memory

Question 8

A type of implicit memory that involves skills and habits.

Answer 8

Procedural Memory

Question 9

Memory for one’s past experiences that are identified by a time and place.

Answer 9

Episodic Memory

Question 10

Memory for facts independent of personal experience.

Answer 10

Semantic Memory

Question 11

The process by which the perception of a stimulus or event gets transformed into a memory.

Answer 11

Encoding

Question 12

Simply repeating something over and over again.

Answer 12

Maintenance Rehearsal

Question 13

More meaningful ways of thinking about things

Answer 13

Elaborative Rehearsal

Question 14

Cognitive structures in long-term memory that help us perceive, organize, and understand information.

Answer 14

Schemas

Question 15

Organizing information into meaningful units to make it easier to remember.

Answer 15

Chunking

Question 16

Learning aids or strategies that improve recall through the use of retrieval cues.

Answer 16

Mnemonics

Question 17

A memory system that very briefly stores sensory information in close to its original sensory form.

Answer 17

Sensory Memory

Question 18

type of sensory memory which stores images for a fraction of a second.

Answer 18

Iconic Memory

Question 19

the ultra-short-term memory for things you hear.

Answer 19

Echoic memory

Question 20

A limited-capacity cognitive system that temporarily stores and manipulates information for current use.
20-30 seconds

Answer 20

Working Memory

Question 21

Seven items or less

Answer 21

Memory Span

Question 22

The storage of information that lasts from minutes to forever.

Answer 22

Long-term Memory

Question 23

The finding that the ability to recall items from a list depends on the order of presentation, such that items presented early or late in the list are remembered better than those in the middle.

Answer 23

Serial Position Effect

Question 24

The gradual process of memory storage in the brain.

Answer 24

Consilidation

Question 25

Strengthening of a synaptic connection, making the postsynaptic neurons more easily activated by presynaptic neurons.

Answer 25

Long-term potentiation

Question 26

Vivid episodic memories for the circumstances in which people first learned of a surprising and consequential or emotionally arousing event.

Answer 26

Flashbulb Memories

Question 27

The re-storage of memory after retrieval

Answer 27

Reconsolidation

Question 28

Any stimulus that promotes memory recall

Answer 28

Retrieval Cue

Question 29

The idea that any stimulus that is encoded along with an experience can later trigger a memory of the experience.

Answer 29

Encoding Specificity Principle

Question 30

When the recall situation is similar to the encoding situation

Answer 30

Context-dependent Memory

Question 31

Dependent on internal states matching during encoding and recall

Answer 31

State-dependent memory

Question 32

Remembering to do something at some future time

Answer 32

Prospective Memory

Question 33

phenomenon that suggests that forgetting of some items is in part a consequence of remembering other item

Answer 33

Retrieval-induced forgetting

Question 34

An inability to remember

Answer 34

Forgetting

Question 35

Interference that occurs when prior information inhibits the ability to remember new information.

Answer 35

Proactive Interference

Question 36

Interference that occurs when new information inhibits the ability to remember old information.

Answer 36

Retroactive Interference

Question 37

The temporary inability to remember something.

Answer 37

Blocking

Question 38

The inattentive or shallow encoding of events

Answer 38

Absentmindedness

Question 39

Unwanted Remembering

Answer 39

Persistence

Question 40

The changing of memories over time so that they become consistent with current beliefs or attitudes.

Answer 40

Memory Bias

Question 41

Memory distortion that occurs when people misremember the time, place, person, or circumstances involved with a memory.

Answer 41

Source Misattribution

Question 42

A type of misattribution that occurs when people have a memory for an event but cannot remember where they encountered the information.

Answer 42

Source Amnesia

Question 43

People think they have come up with a new idea but actually no

Answer 43

Cryptomnesia

Question 44

The development of biased memories from misleading information.

Answer 44

Suggestibility

Question 45

a psychological phenomenon whereby an individual recalls an event that never happened, or an actual occurrence substantially differently from the way it transpired.

Answer 45

False Memories

Question 46

memories that we unconsciously avoid thinking about, usually because of a traumatic experience.

Answer 46

Repressed Memories