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abnormal psych > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the characteristics of Bipolar I?

A
  • Occurrence of a manic episode
  • Hypomanic or major depressive episodes may precede or follow the manic episode
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2
Q

Hypomania

A

Mild form of mania that lasts for a few days

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of Bipolar II?

A
  • Presence or history of major depressive episode(s)
  • Presence or history of hypomanic episodes(s)
  • No history of a manic episode
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4
Q

Major Depressive Disorder

A

Severe pattern of depression that is debilitating and not due to other causes

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5
Q

In order for someone to be diagnosed with a major depressive disorder, Person displays an increased in depressed mood for the majority of each day and/or decrease in enjoyment or interests across most activities for the majority of the day for how long?

A

2 weeks

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6
Q

For someone to be diagnosed with a major depressive disorder, person also experiences 3-4 of the following symptoms…

A
  • Considerable weight change or appetite change
  • Daily insomnia or hypersomnia
  • Daily agitation or decrease in motor activity
  • Daily fatigue or lethargy
  • Daily feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
  • Daily reduction in concentration or decisiveness
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7
Q

Dysthymic Disorder

A

Chronic pattern of depression with mild symptoms

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8
Q

What is dysthymic disorder also referred to as?

A

Persistent depressive disorder

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9
Q

How long must someone have symptoms in order to be diagnosed with dysthymic disorder?

A

Lasts at least 2 years

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10
Q

True or False: Symptoms not absent for than 2 months at a time in

A

True

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11
Q

True or False: there can be a history of mania for someone diagnosed with dysthymic disorder?

A

False: there’s no history of mania or hypomania

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12
Q

Mania

A

State of euphoria or frenzied activity

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13
Q

What are the motivational symptoms of mania?

A

Need for constant excitement, involvement, companionship

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14
Q

What are the behavioral symptoms of mania?

A
  • Active
  • Move quickly
  • Talk loudly and quickly
  • Flamboyant
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15
Q

What are the cognitive symptoms of mania?

A
  • Poor judgment/planning
  • Trouble staying coherent/in reality
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16
Q

What are the physical symptoms of mania?

A
  • Lot of energy
  • Lack of need for rest/sleep
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17
Q

What percentage of U.S. adults suffer from severe unipolar depression in any given year?

A

8%

18
Q

______ of all adults experience unipolar depression at some point in their lives

A

20%

19
Q

What is the average onset for someone to develop depression?

A

19

20
Q

How many people with depression recover?

A

85%

21
Q

According to the biological model of depression, biochemical factors associated with depression are low activity of what two neurotransmitters?

A
  • Serotonin
  • Norepinephrine
22
Q

True or False: there’s an increased risk of depression with 1st generation relatives who are diagnosed with depression

A

True

23
Q

In twin studies, identical twins have an increased risk of depression by _________

A

46%

24
Q

In twin studies, fraternal twins have an increased of depression by ___________

A

20%

25
Q

How do psychodynamic theorists, such as Freud and Abraham, believe depression is caused by?

A

When some people experience real or imagined/symbolic loss and regresses back to the oral stage

26
Q

How do object-relation theorists think depression is caused by?

A

Depression results when people’s relationships leave them feeling unsafe and insecure (especially in early life)

27
Q

How do cognitive-behavioral theorists view depression?

A

Depression results from problematic and dysfunctional thinking

28
Q

What are the characteristics of the behavioral dimension of the cognitive-behavioral view on depression?

A
  • Number of life rewards related to presence or absence of depression
  • Large reduction in positive life rewards may cause increasingly fewer positive positive behaviors and eventually depression
  • Social rewards are important in downward depression spiral
29
Q

Learned Helplessness

A

Depression occurs when people believe they have no control over life’s reinforcements and assume responsibility for this helpless state

30
Q

Attribution-Helplessness Theory

A

internal (global and stable) attribution of present lack of control feel helpless to prevent future negative outcomes and depression

31
Q

What is the attribution-helplessness theory also referred to as?

A

Modified learned helplessness theory

31
Q

Family-social perspective believes that depression is the result of…

A

A decline in social rewards

32
Q

True or False: according to the family-social perspective, depression is tied to weak or unavailable social support, isolation, and lack of intimacy

A

True

33
Q

What are family-social treatments for depression?

A
  • Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT)
  • Couples Therapy
34
Q

What are characteristics of interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT)?

A
  • Interpersonal loss
  • Interpersonal role dispute
  • Interpersonal role transition
  • Interpersonal deficits
35
Q

True or False: multicultural theorists believe that depression is the same regardless of country

A

False: precise picture of depression varies from country to country

36
Q

Artifact Theory

A

Women and men are equally prone to depression, but clinicians are unable to diagnose in men

37
Q

Hormone Explanation

A

Hormone changes in women trigger depression

38
Q

Life Stress Theory

A

Women experience more stress than men

39
Q

Body Dissatisfaction Explanation

A

Females in Western society to seek a low body weight and slim figure, and when they are unable to do so they become stress

40
Q

Lack-of-Control Theory

A

Women may be more to depression than men because they feel a lack of control in life

41
Q

Rumination Theory

A

Women are more likely to ruminate when their mood worsens; makes them more vulnerable to depression

abnormal psych (12 decks)

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