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Abnormal Psych > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two general categories of sexual disorders recognized by experts?

A
  • Sexual dysfunctions
  • Paraphilic disorders
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2
Q

Sexual Dysfunctions

A

Problems with sexual responses marked by persistent inability to function normally in some area of the sexual response cycle

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3
Q

Paraphilic Disorders

A

Repeated and intense sexual urges or fantasies in response to objects or situations that society deems inappropriate

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4
Q

How many men are diagnosed with a sexual dysfunction?

A

30%

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5
Q

How many women are diagnosed with a sexual dysfunction?

A

43%

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6
Q

What are the four phases of the human sexual response cycle?

A
  • Desire
  • Excitement
  • Orgasm
  • Resolution
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7
Q

Sexual dysfunctions affect which three phases of the human sexual response cycle?

A
  • Desire
  • Excitement
  • Orgasm
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8
Q

How are sexual disorders classified?

A
  • Can be lifelong or an acquired type
  • Generalized or situational
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9
Q

What are the two sexual dysfunctions that impact the desire phase?

A
  • Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
  • Female sexual interest/arousal disorder
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10
Q

What is the criteria to be diagnosed with male hypoactive sexual desire disorder?

A
  • For at least 6 months, individual repeatedly experiences few or no sexual thoughts, fantasies, or desires
  • Individual experiences significant distress about this condition
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11
Q

Female sexual interest/arousal disorder focus on what two phases?

A

Desire and excitement

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12
Q

True or False: some clinicians believe that female sexual interest/arousal disorder should be two separate conditions

A

True

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13
Q

True or False: sex drive is determined by a combination of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors

A

True

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14
Q

What are biological causes of low sex drive?

A
  • Abnormal hormonal levels
  • Excessive neurotransmitter activity
  • Medications and other substance use
  • Long-term physical illness
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15
Q

___________ levels of prolactin can cause low sex drive

A

High

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16
Q

___________ levels of testosterone can cause low sex drive

A

Low

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17
Q

____________ levels of estrogen can cause low sex drive

A

High or low

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18
Q

What are the two neurotransmitters associated with causing low sex drive?

A
  • Serotonin
  • Dopamine
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19
Q

What are some psychological causes of low sex drive?

A
  • General increase in anxiety, depression, or anger
  • Particular attitudes, fears, or memories
  • Certain psychological disorders
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20
Q

What are some sociocultural causes of low sex drive?

A
  • Situational pressures
  • Unhappy or problematic relationship
  • Differences in skills as lover or need for closeness
  • Cultural standards/double standard
  • Trauma
  • Certain psychological disorders
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21
Q

True or False: most causes of low sexual desire are primarily caused by biological conditions, but psychological and sociocultural factors can play a role

A

False: most cases of low sexual desire are caused primarily by sociocultural and psychological factors, but biological conditions can also lower sex drive significantly

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22
Q

What are the two dysfunctions impacting the excitement phase?

A
  • Male erectile disorder
  • Female sexual arousal disorder
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23
Q

Male Erectile Disorder

A

Persistently fail to attain or maintain erection during sexual activity

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24
Q

How many men are diagnosed with erectile disorder?

A

~16%

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25
Q

True or False: male erectile disorder mainly impacts older men, but can also occur in younger men

A

True

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26
Q

How many cases of male erectile disorder occur in men in their 20s?

A

20%

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27
Q

What are some biological causes of male erectile disorder?

A
  • Medications
  • Substance abuse
28
Q

True or False: alcohol abuse makes it more likely for a man to be diagnosed with erectile disorder

A

True

29
Q

What are some psychological causes of male erectile disorder?

A
  • Spectator role
  • Performance anxiety
30
Q

What are some sociocultural causes of male erectile disorder?

A
  • Job loss
  • Financial strain
  • Marital stress
31
Q

What are the dysfunctions that impact the orgasm phase?

A
  • Premature ejaculation
  • Delayed ejaculation
  • Female orgasmic disorder
32
Q

What is the criteria to be diagnosed with premature ejaculation?

A
  • For at least 6 months, individual usually ejaculates within 1 minute of beginning sex with a partner, and earlier than he wants to
  • Individual experiences significant distress
33
Q

How many men experience premature ejaculation?

A

30%

34
Q

What are some factors that impact premature ejaculation?

A
  • Youth
  • Inexperience
  • Infrequent sex
35
Q

What are some biological theories of premature ejaculation?

A
  • Genetic predisposition
  • Overactive and underactive serotonin receptors
  • Greater penis sensitivity
36
Q

_______ of men meet all the criteria for premature ejaculation disorder

A

4%

37
Q

Among men suffering from premature ejaculation, __________ in one study had 1st degree relatives who also had the dysfunction

A

91%

38
Q

What is the criteria to be diagnosed with delayed ejaculation?

A
  • For at least 6 months, individual usually displays a significant delay, infrequency, or absence of ejaculation during sexual activity with a partner
  • Individual experiences significant distress
39
Q

_________ of men worldwide experience delayed ejaculation

A

10%

40
Q

What are some factors that can impact delayed ejaculation?

A
  • Low testosterone levels
  • Certain neurological diseases
  • Head or spinal cord injuries
41
Q

What are some psychological theories that play a role in delayed ejaculation?

A
  • Performance anxiety
  • Spectator role
  • Hypoactive sexual desire disorder
42
Q

What is the criteria to be diagnosed with female orgasmic disorder?

A
  • For at least 6 months, individual usually displays a significant delay, infrequency, or absence of orgasm, and/or is unable to achieve past orgasmic intensity
  • Individual experiences significant distress
43
Q

Female orgasmic disorder affects _______ to some degree

A

21%

44
Q

What are some biological causes of female orgasmic disorder?

A
  • Diabetes, multiple sclerosis, other neurological diseases
  • Drugs and medications
  • Menopausal changes
45
Q

What are some psychological causes of female orgasmic disorder?

A
  • Depression
  • Trauma and relationships
46
Q

What are some sociocultural causes of female orgasmic disorder?

A
  • Society’s sexual restrictive role of women
  • First intercourse experience
47
Q

Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorders

A

Dysfunctions that do not fit into a specific phase of the sexual response cycle and are characterized by enormous physical discomfort during intercourse

48
Q

What is an example of a cognitive-behavioral cause for genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder?

A

Learned fear

49
Q

What are some physical causes for genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder?

A
  • Infection
  • Disease
  • Menopause
  • Dyspareunia
50
Q

True or False: modern sex therapy can include long-term options

A

False: Modern sex therapy is short-term and instructive

51
Q

Which two sexual disorders are the most difficult and complex to treat?

A
  • Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
  • Female sexual interest/arousal disorder
52
Q

True or False: relatively few people with paraphilic disorders receive a formal diagnosis

A

True

53
Q

True or False: there’s some key evidence to understand the causes of paraphilic disorders

A

False: Although theorists have proposed various explanations for paraphilias, there’s little evidence to support them

54
Q

True or False: definitions of paraphilic disorders are strongly influenced by the norms of the particular society in which they occur

A

True

55
Q

Which treatments for paraphilic disorders have been around the longest?

A

Psychological and sociocultural

56
Q

Fetishistic Disorder

A

Recurrent intense sexual urges/fantasies involving use of nonliving object or nongenital body part accompanied by significant distress or impairment

57
Q

What is the psychodynamic theory for fetishistic disorder?

A

Defense mechanism to avoid sexual contact anxiety

58
Q

What is the behaviorist theory forfetishistic disorder?

A

Learned through classical conditioning

59
Q

Cognitive-behavioral treatments for fetishistic disorder include…

A
  • Aversion therapy
  • Covert sensitization
  • Imagined aversive stimulation
60
Q

Transvestic Disorder

A

Fantasies or behaviors involving dressing in clothes of the opposite sex to achieve sexual arousal

61
Q

Transvestic disorder is most likely to occur in…

A

Heterosexual males who began cross-dressing in childhood or adolescence

62
Q

True or False: transvestic disorder does not involve transgender feelings or behaviors

A

True

63
Q

What is the cognitive-behavioral theory for transvestic disorder?

A

Learning through classical conditioning in early life

64
Q

Exhibitionistic Disorder

A

Characterized by arousal from the exposure of genitals in a public setting

65
Q

True or False: sexual contact rarely initiated or desired for people with exhibitionistic disorder

A

True

66
Q

What are some theories about the cause of exhibitionistic disorder?

A
  • Immaturity in interpersonal relationships
  • Fears about masculinity
  • Possessive mother
67
Q

What kinds of treatment are available for people with exhibitionistic disorder?

A
  • Aversion therapy
  • Social skill training
  • Insight therapy

Abnormal Psych (12 decks)

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