Chapter 5 Flashcards
Fear
The central nervous system’s physiological and emotional response to a serious threat to one’s well-being.
Anxiety
The central nervous system’s physiological and emotional response to a vague sense of threat or danger.
What is the name of the biological system that helps prepare the body in the face of danger?
Fight or flight system
What are the most common mental disorders in the U.S.?
Anxiety disorders
In a given year, how many adults will suffer with an anxiety disorder in the U.S.?
Around 19%
How many adults in the United States will be diagnosed with an anxiety disorder at some point in their life?
31%
How many adults with an anxiety disorder will receive treatment?
Around 42%
Which racial group is more likely to developed an anxiety disorder?
Non-Hispanic White
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Disorder characterized by general and persistent feelings of worry and anxiety
Specific Phobias
Anxiety disorder characterized by a persistent and irrational fear of a particular object, activity, or situation
Agoraphobia
Fear of leaving one’s home and travel to public places
Social Anxiety Disorder
Anxiety disorder characterized by being intensely afraid of social or performance situations in which they might become embarassed
Panic Disorder
Anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of terror
True or False: most individuals with one anxiety disorder suffer from a second one as well
True
Anxiety also plays a major role in what different group of problems?
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
People with generalized anxiety disorder sometimes describe their problem as what?
Free-floating anxiety
What is the diagnostic criteria for generalized anxiety disorder?
- Person experiences disproportionate, uncontrollable, and ongoing anxiety and worry about multiple matters for 6 months or more
- Symptoms include at least three of the following: edginess, fatigue, poor concentration, irritability, muscle tension, sleep problems
- Significant distress or impairment
Generalized anxiety disorder is common in what society?
Western society
Who is more likely to be diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder: men or women?
Women
How do sociocultural theorists view generalized anxiety disorder?
Most likely to be developed in people who are faced with ongoing societal conditions that are dangerous.
What is one of the most powerful forms of societal stress?
Poverty
Societal danger and stress may also come in the form of ________?
Widespread contagious diseases
How did Sigmund Freud, as well as other psychodynamic theorists, view generalized anxiety disorder?
All children experience some degree of anxiety as part of growing up and that all use ego defense mechanisms to help control such anxiety
What would cause symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder to appear during childhood, according to Freud and psychodynamic theorists?
- Some children would have particular high levels of anxiety
- A child’s defense mechanisms are inadequate
Today, most psychodynamic theorists believe that generalized anxiety disorder can be traced in the early relationship between who?
Children and their parents/caretakers
True or False: psychodynamic therapists created their own style of treatment for people with generalized anxiety disorder
False: psychodynamic therapists use the same general techniques to treat all psychological problems
What have controlled studies found about the effectiveness of psychodynamic therapies to treat patients with generalized anxiety disorder?
Only modest help to patients
How humanistic theorists view generalized anxiety disorder?
Generalized anxiety disorder, like other psychological disorders, arises when people stop looking at themselves honestly and acceptingly
How did Carl Rogers believe people develop generalized anxiety disorder?
People who failed to receive unconditional positive regard as children may be too harsh on themselves through their conditions of worth and results to increased anxiety
What did controlled studies find about client-centered therapy to treat generalized anxiety disorder?
Failed to offer strong support but it’s better than no treatment at all
Basic Irrational Assumptions
Inaccurate and inappropriate beliefs held by people with various psychological problems, according to Albert Ellis
For a person with generalized anxiety disorder, Albert Ellis believes that they would hold these types of basic irrational assumptions?
That an individual should be adored by all and that anything that doesn’t go there way or could possibly not go there way is a disaster
Which dimension of the cognitive-behavioral model is more concentrated on treating people with generalized anxiety disorder?
Cognitive dimension
Metacognitive Theory
Theory developed by Adrian Wells that suggests that people with generalized anxiety disorder implicitly hold both positive and negative beliefs about worrying
Intolerance of Uncertainty Theory
Theory that suggests certain individuals cannot tolerate the knowledge that negative events may occur, even if the possibility of occurrence is very small.
Avoidance Theory
Theory developed by Thomas Borkovec that suggests that people with this disorder have greater bodily arousal (higher heart rate, perspiration, respiration) than other people and that worrying actually serves to reduce this arousal, perhaps by distracting the individuals from their unpleasant physical feelings