chapter 63 vidlec part 1 Flashcards
A broad classification that includes any injury to the head as a result of trauma
head injury
Most common cause of TBIs is
falls
Groups at highest risk for TBI include
0-4 y/o
15-19 y/o
65 above y/o
what is the best approach for head injury
prevention
consequence of direct contact to head/brain during the instant of initial injury
primary injury
what type of injury: contusions, lacerations, external hematomas, skull fractures, subdural hematomas, concussion, diffuse axonal
primary injury
what type of injury: damage evolves over ensuing days and hours after the initial injury
secondary injury
what type of injury: caused by cerebral edema, ischemia, ог chemical changes associated with the trauma
secondary injury
a bruising of the brain surface
contusion
a temporary loss of neurologic function with no apparent structural damage to the brain
concussion
a transient period of unconsciousness following A VIOLENT BLOW TO THE HEAD
concussion
involves localized bleeding and swelling in the brain tissue, which can lead to more severe complications
contusion
tend to bleed heavily and portals of infection
scalp wounds
ecchymosis behind the ear
battle signs
halo sign-ring of fluid around the blood stain from drainage
csf leak
also called as raccoon eyes or black eye
periorbital hematoma
acceleration/deceleration injury occurs when the head accelerates and then rapidly decelerates, damaging brain tissue
closed TBI
blunt trauma
closed TBI
object PENETRATES the brain or trauma is so severe that the scalp and skull are opened
OPEN TBI
more severe injury with possible surface hemorrhage
CONTUSION
a temporary loss of consciousness with no apparent structural damage
concussion
widespread axon damage in the brain seen with head trauma
diffuse axonal injury
TYPES OF INTRACRANIAL BLEEDING
epidural
subdural
intracerebral
blood collection in the space between the skull and the dura
epidural
collection of blood between the dura and the brain
subdural
symptoms develop over 24 to 48 hours
acute
symptoms develop over 48 hours to 2 weeks
subacute
develops over weeks to months
chronic
what is the treatment for chronic subdural hematoma
evacuation of blood
hemorrhage occurs into the substance of the brain
intracerebral hemorrhage and hematoma
there is a bleeding from nose, pharynx, or ears
skull fracture
car accidents and violent shake is what type of injury
diffuse axonal injury
acute/subacute/chronic:
requires immediate craniotomy and control of icp
acute/subacute
acute/subacute/chronic:
evacuation of blood clot
chronic