Chapter 6 Vocabulary

Question 1

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 1

No nucleus
DNA in an unbound region
No membrane bound organelles
Cytoplasm bound by the plasma membrane

Question 2

Cytoskeleton

Answer 2

The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell.

Question 3

Cell

Answer 3

The cell is the simplest collection of matter that can live. A cell is the microcosm that demonstrates most of the themes shown in Chapter one.

Question 4

Light microscopes

Answer 4

Visible light is passes through the specimen and then through the glass lenses. The lenses refract the light in such a way, that the image of the specimen is magnified as it is projected into the eye.

Question 5

Magnification

Answer 5

The ratio of an object’s image to its real size

Question 6

Resolution

Answer 6

A measure of the clarity of the image.

Question 7

Electron Microscope

Answer 7

Focuses a beam of electrons through the specimen or onto its surface. There are two types: the Scanning Electron Microscope and Transmission electron microscope

Question 8

Cell fractionation

Answer 8

To take cells apart and separate the major organelles from one another.

Question 9

Centrifuges/Ultracentrifuges

Answer 9

Powerful machines that spin the test tube full of mixtures of disrupted cells and separates them by size and density.

Question 10

Cytosol

Answer 10

A semi fluid substance in which organelles are found

Question 11

Cytoplasm

Answer 11

The entire region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane

Question 12

Pore complex

Answer 12

The pore complex lines each pore and regulates the entry of macro-molecules and particles.

Question 13

Nuclear lamina

Answer 13

A net-like array of protein filaments that maintain the shape of the nucleus by mechanically supporting the nuclear envelope.

Question 14

Chromosomes

Answer 14

Structures that carry the genetic information. Each chromosome is made up of chromatin, a complex of proteins and DNA.

Question 15

Nucleolus

Answer 15

RNA is synthesized from instructions in the DNA here. Also, proteins are imported from the cytoplasm are assembled with r RNA into large and small ribosomal sub units in the nucleolus.

Question 16

Ribosomes

Answer 16

Made up of r RNA and proteins, organelles that carry out protein synthesis.

Question 17

Smooth ER(functions)

Answer 17

Synthesizes lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates, and detoxification of drugs and poisons.

Question 18

Rough ER(functions)

Answer 18

Make secretory proteins and is a membrane factory for the cell. Grows in place by adding membrane proteins and phospholipids to its own membrane.

Question 19

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 19

Products of the ER are modified, stored,and sent to other destinations. Especially extensive in cells specialized in secretion.

Question 20

Lysosomes

Answer 20

Membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that an animal cell uses to digest all kinds of macro-molecules. If a lysosome breaks open, the enzymes are not very active, because the cytosol has a neutral pH. However, excessive leakage from a large number of lysosomes can destroy a cell by auto-digestion.

Question 21

Vacuoles(functions)

Answer 21

Store food, pump excess water out.

Question 22

Peroxisomes

Answer 22

Specialized metabolic compartment bounded by a single membrane.

Question 23

motility

Answer 23

The term cell MOTILITY encompasses both changes in cell location and more limited movements of parts of the cell.

Question 24

Cytoskeleton(components)

Answer 24

fibers, including micro-tubules, micro-filaments, and intermediate filaments