Chapter 4 Vocabulary

Question 1

Organic Chemistry

Answer 1

The branch of chemistry that specializes in carbon.

Question 2

Hydrocarbon

Answer 2

A molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.

Question 3

Isomer

Answer 3

Compounds that have the same elements, but different structures, and hence, different properties.

Question 4

Structural Isomer

Answer 4

Structural isomers vary differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms. (Pentane C5H12)

Question 5

Geometric Isomer
X           X
 \          / 
    C = C
  /           \
H           H

Answer 5

Geometric isomers have the same covalent partnerships, are different in their spatial arrangements. Because of the inflexibility of double bonds, atoms cannot rotate.

Question 6

Enantiomer

Answer 6

Enantiomers are molecules that are mirror images of one another. However, like your right and left hand, they do not fit perfectly together. In medicine, one will be effective, and the other may cause side effects.

Question 7

Functional Group

Answer 7

A functional group can be viewed as an attachment to replace on or more of the hydrogens bonded to the carbon skeleton.

Question 8

Hydroxyl Group( —–OH)

Answer 8

A hydroxyl group is a hydrogen and oxygen bonded together and bonded to the carbon skeleton of an organic molecule.

Question 9

Alcohol

Answer 9

Usually end in -ol(Ethanol)

Question 10

Carbonyl Group(>CO)

Answer 10

Consists of a carbon atom joined to an oxygen atom by a double bond.

Question 11

Aldehydes

Answer 11

If the carbonyl group is at the end of the carbon skeleton

Question 12

Keytones

Answer 12

If the carbonyl group is within a carbon skeleton

Question 13

Carboxyl Group( —–COOH)

Answer 13

When an oxygen atom is double-bonded to a carbon atom that is also bonded to a hydroxyl group.

Question 14

Carboxylic Acid

Answer 14

Also called organic acids

Question 15

Amino Group(—NH2)

Answer 15

Consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and to the carbon skeleton.

Question 16

Amine

Answer 16

Glycine is an example of an amine.

Question 17

Sulfhydryl Group(—-SH)

Answer 17

Consists of a sulfur atom bonded to an atom of hydrogen.

Question 18

Thiol

Answer 18

Ethanethiol is an example of a thiol.

Question 19

Phosphate Group

Answer 19

A phosphorus atom is bonded to four oxygen atoms, one oxygen is bonded to the carbon skeleton.