Chapter 2 Vocabulary

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

Question 2

Element

Answer 2

An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into smaller components by chemical reactions.

Question 3

Trace Element

Answer 3

Elements that are required for the body in minuscule amounts

Question 4

Atom

Answer 4

An atom is the smallest unit of an element.

Question 5

Neutron

Answer 5

An uncharged particle in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 6

Proton

Answer 6

A positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 7

Electron

Answer 7

A negatively charged particle surrounding the nucleus of an atom, it is much smaller that the particles in the nucleus.

Question 8

Atomic Nucleus

Answer 8

The atomic nucleus consists of both protons and neutrons.

Question 9

dalton

Answer 9

The unit DALTON is used to measure atoms as well as other small atomic particles.

Question 10

Atomic Number

Answer 10

The number of protons.

Question 11

Mass Number

Answer 11

The sum of the protons and neutrons of an atom.

Question 12

Atomic Weight

Answer 12

The average of all the isotopes.

Question 13

Isotope

Answer 13

An isotope of an element, is that same element, only with a different number of neutrons.

Question 14

Radioactive Isotope

Answer 14

A radioactive isotope is one in which the nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off particles and energy.

Question 15

Energy

Answer 15

Energy is the capacity to cause change(to do work).

Question 16

Energy Level

Answer 16

The different states of potential energy are called energy levels.

Question 17

Potential Energy

Answer 17

Potential energy is the energy that matter posses because of location/structure.

Question 18

Orbital

Answer 18

The 3-D space in which an electron is found most of the time(90%).

Question 19

Valence Electron

Answer 19

The outer electrons of an atom.

Question 20

Valence Shell

Answer 20

The outermost electron shell of an atom.

Question 21

Chemical Bond

Answer 21

When atoms are close enough to each other, they are attracted and form chemical bonds.

Question 22

Covalent Bond

Answer 22

A covalent bond is the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms.

Question 23

Molecule

Answer 23

Two or more atoms held together by a covalent bond are a molecule.

Question 24

Structural Formula

Answer 24

The structural formula represents both the atoms, and their bonding as a small diagram or chart(drawings such as: H-H).

Question 25

Molecular Formula

Answer 25

The abbreviated way of writing the structural formula(H^2, instead of H-H)

Question 26

Double Covalent Bond

Answer 26

When an atom shares two pairs of electrons with another atom.

Question 27

Valence

Answer 27

The bonding capacity is called the atom’s valence, it is usually equal to the number of unpaired electrons in the outer shell.

Question 28

Electronegativity

Answer 28

The attraction of a particular kind of atom for the electrons of a covalent bond. The more electronegative, the more strongly it pulls the electrons toward itself.

Question 29

Nonpolar Covalent Bond

Answer 29

When a pair of electrons are shared evenly between two atoms.

Question 30

Polar Covalent Bond

Answer 30

When a pair of electrons are shared unevenly between two atoms.

Question 31

Ion

Answer 31

A charged atom is called an ion.

Question 32

Cation

Answer 32

A positively charged atom.

Question 33

Anion

Answer 33

A negatively charged atom.

Question 34

Ionic Bond

Answer 34

When two ions of opposite charge form a bond.

Question 35

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 35

A hydrogen bond forms when hydrogen bonds to a highly electronegative atom. H2O

Question 36

Chemical Reactions

Answer 36

The making and breaking of chemical bonds resulting in changes in the composition of matter are called chemical reactions.

Question 37

Reactants

Answer 37

The starting material(s)

Question 38

Products

Answer 38

The materials resulting from the reaction.

Question 39

Chemical Equilibrium

Answer 39

The point at which the reactions offset one another exactly is called chemical equilibrium.