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Radiologic Pathology > Chapter 6 Urinary System > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

(T/F) The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron.

A

True

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2
Q

(T/F) Urine formation begins in the glomerulus.

A

True

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3
Q

(T/F) A hypoplastic kidney is a small third kidney and a rare developmental anomaly.

A

False

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4
Q

(T/F) Horseshoe kidney is the most common fusion anomaly of the urinary system.

A

True

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5
Q

(T/F) Ectopic kidney describes when a kidney fails to develop.

A

False

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6
Q

(T/F) Ureteroceles are commonly associated with duplicated ureters.

A

True

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7
Q

(T/F) Chronic cystitis is evidenced radiographically by a decrease in bladder size and wall irregularity.

A

True

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8
Q

(T/F) Glomerulonephritis is the most common nosocomial infection.

A

False

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9
Q

(T/F) Urinary calculi are asymptomatic while they are in the kidney.

A

True

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10
Q

(T/F) Painless hematuria is a common presentation of a hypernephroma.

A

True

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11
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney?
a) Lobule
b) Nephron
c) Glomerulus
d) Ureterocele

A

Nephron

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12
Q

In an average person, the nephrons filter about _____ L of water out of glomerular blood each day.
a. 2
b. 10
c. 80
d. 190

A

190

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13
Q

Where does the formation of urine begin?
a) Nephrons
b) Bowman’s capsule
c) Glomerulus
d) Distal convoluted tubule

A

Glomerulus

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14
Q

Which of the following stimulates the rate of red blood cell production?
a) Erythropoietin
b) Angiotensin
c) Renin
d) Aldosterone

A

Erythropoietin

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15
Q

A miniature replica of a kidney is termed:
a) ectopic kidney.
b) hypoplastic kidney
c) compensatory hypertrophy
d) supernumerary kidney.

A

Hypoplastic kidney

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16
Q

A rare anomaly in which a kidney fails to develop is called:
a) unilateral renal agenesis.
b) hypoplastic kidney
c) compensatory hypertrophy
d) supernumerary kidney.

A

Unilateral renal agenesis

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17
Q

What term is applied to an acquired condition that occurs when one kidney is required to do the job of two?
a. Supernumerary kidney
b. Crossed ectopia
c. Compensatory hypertrophy
d. Hypoplastic kidney

A

Compensatory hypertrophy

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18
Q

A rare anomaly in which there is a third, rudimentary kidney is termed:
a) an ectopic kidney.
b) compensatory hypertrophy
c) hypoplastic kidney
d) supernumerary kidney.

A

Supernumerary kidney

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19
Q

What is an ectopic kidney?
a. A third, rudimentary kidney
b. A kidney that is not located in the normal
location
c. A kidney that is enlarged because it has to
do the job of both kidneys
d. The most common type of fusion anomaly

A

A kidney that is not located in the normal location

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20
Q

What is the most common type of fusion anomaly?
a) Horseshoe kidney
b) Crossed ectopia
c) Doughnut kidney
d) Unilateral renal agenesis

A

Horseshoe kidney

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21
Q

When the kidneys are fused at their lower poles, they are termed a(n):
a) doughnut kidney.
b) lump kidney
c) horseshoe kidney
d) ectopic kidney

A

Horseshoe kidney

22
Q

Refer to the image below. What developmental anomaly is demonstrated?
a) Crossed ectopia
b) Horseshoe kidney
c) Unilateral renal agenesis
d) Supernumerary kidney

A

Horseshoe kidney

23
Q

A cystic dilatation of the distal ureter near its insertion into the urinary bladder is called a:
a. ureterocele.
b. pyelonephritis.
c. ureteral aneurysm.
d. renal cyst.

A

Ureterocele

24
Q

What is a ureterocele?
a) A nonsuppurative inflammatory process involving the tuft of capillaries within the Bowman’s capsule.
b) A smaller than normal amount of urine.
c) A fusion anomaly in which the ureter is directly connected to the kidney.
d) A cystic dilatation of the distal ureter near its insertion into the urinary bladder.

A

A cystic dilatation of the distal ureter near its insertion into the urinary bladder

25
Q

Which condition is most commonly found in children with ureteral duplication?
a) Renal cyst
b) Ureterocele
c) Papillary necrosis
d) Staghorn calculus

A

Ureterocele

26
Q

A nonsuppurative inflammatory process involving the tuft of capillaries within the Bowman’s capsule is called:
a. ureterocele.
b. pyelonephritis.
c. glomerulonephritis.
d. papillary necrosis.

A

Glomerulonephritis

27
Q

A smaller than normal amount of urine is termed:
a) polyuria
b) oliguria
c) hematuria
d) dysuria

A

Oliguria

28
Q

What is oliguria?
a) A smaller than normal amount of urine
b) A larger than normal amount of urine
c) The presence of protein molecules in the urine
d) The presence of fat molecules in the urine

A

A smaller than normal amount of urine

29
Q

A suppurative inflammatory process of the kidney and renal pelvis is termed:
a) glomerulonephritis
b) papillary necrosis
c) cystitis
d) pyelonephritis.

A

Pyelonephritis

30
Q

Which type of severe infection occurs almost exclusively in diabetic patients and causes acute necrosis of the entire kidney?
a. Cystitis
b. Papillary necrosis
c. Glomerulonephritis
d. Emphysematous pyelonephritis

A

Emphysematous pyelonephritis

31
Q

What is the most common hospital-acquired infection?
a) Cystitis
b) Pyelonephritis
c) Vasculitis
d) Tuberculosis

A

Cystitis

32
Q

Which imaging modality is the safest and most accurate in detecting renal calculi?
a. Ultrasound
b. Excretory urography
c. Noncontrast helical CT
d. MRI

A

Noncontrast helical CT

33
Q

What term is applied to a renal calculus that completely fills the renal pelvis?
a) Pelvolithiasis
b) Staghorn calculus
c) Pelvocalcinosis
d) Nephrocalcinosis

A

Staghorn calculus

34
Q

What is nephrocalcinosis?
a) A condition of calcium deposits within the renal parenchyma
b) A renal calculus that fills the entire renal pelvis
c) Excretion of calcium ions in the urine
d) A severe infection of the renal parenchyma

A

A condition of calcium deposits within the renal parenchyma

35
Q

Calcium deposits within the renal parenchyma are termed:
a) staghorn calculus.
b) nephrolithiasis
c) nephrocalcinosis
d) glomerulonephritis.

A

Nephrocalcinosis

36
Q

What is the cause of hydronephrosis?
a) Chronic glomerulonephritis
b) Blockage above the level of the bladder
c) Staghorn calculus
d) Aldosterone deficiency

A

Blockage above the level of the bladder

37
Q

Blockage above the level of the bladder causes dilatation of the renal pelvicalyceal system, which is called:
a. glomerulonephritis.
b. cystitis.
c. hypernephroma.
d. hydronephrosis.

A

Hydronephrosis

38
Q

What population is most likely to develop stones in the urinary bladder?
a) Children
b) Young adults
c) Elderly males
d) Diabetic persons

A

Elderly males

39
Q

What is the most common unifocal mass of the kidney?
a) Staghorn calculus
b) Hypernephroma
c) Nephrocalcinosis
d) Renal cyst

A

Renal cyst

40
Q

The most common renal neoplasm is a:
a) hypernephroma.
b) nephroblastoma
c) pyelocarcinoma
d) renal cell sarcoma.

A

Hypernephroma

41
Q

Which of these is a common symptom of a renal neoplasm?
a) Hydronephrosis
b) Painless hematuria
c) Proteinuria
d) Renal neoplasms are asymptomatic

A

Painless hematuria

42
Q

What is the most common abdominal neoplasm of infancy and childhood?
a) Hypernephroma
b) Wilms’ tumor
c) Polycystic kidneys
d) Renal cell carcinoma

A

Wilms’ tumor

43
Q

What condition most commonly occurs in children who are severely dehydrated?
a) Nephrolithiasis
b) Glomerulonephritis
c) Pyelonephritis
d) Renal vein thrombosis

A

Renal vein thrombosis

44
Q

What is the imaging modality of choice to diagnose renal vein thrombosis?
a) CT
b) MRI
c) US (Ultrasound)
d) Excretory urography

A

Ultrasound (US)

45
Q

Which of the following are causes of enlarged kidneys?
a) Polycystic renal disease
b) Renal vein thrombosis
c) Nephrosclerosis and Polycystic renal
disease
d) Polycystic renal disease and renal vein thrombosis

A

Polycystic renal disease

46
Q

Which of the following are causes of small kidneys with smooth contours?
a) Renal vein thrombosis
b) Nephrosclerosis and renal vein thrombosis
c) Nephrosclerosis and Chronic glomerulonephritis
d) Renal vein thrombosis and Chronic glomerulonephritis

A

Nephrosclerosis and Chronic glomerulonephritis

47
Q

The medical term that means to void or empty the bladder of urine is:
a) incontenience.
b) continate
c) micturate
d) uremia.

A

Micturate

48
Q

What term is used to describe an abnormally positioned kidney?
a) Kidney agenesis
b) Ectopic kidney
c) Kidney aplasia
d) Hypertrophic kidney

A

Ectopic kidney

49
Q

Refer to the image. Note the arrows. What condition is indicated by the arrows in this image of an intravenous urogram?
a) Ureterocele
b) Kidney agenesis
c) Ectopic kidney
d) Hypertrophic kidney

A

Ectopic kidney

50
Q

Which urinary disease occurs almost exclusively in males and is defined as a thin transverse membrane that causes bladder outlet obstruction and may lead to severe hydronephrosis, hydroureter, and renal damage?
a) Ureterocele
b) Posterior urethral valves
c) Benign prostatic hyperplasia
d) Polycystic kidney disease

A

Posterior urethral valves

Radiologic Pathology (7 decks)

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