Chapter 3 Respiratory System Flashcards
External respiration takes place within the:
bronchi.
bronchioles.
alveoli.
trachea.
Alveoli
The lower respiratory system consists of the:
oropharynx, bronchi, and bronchioles.
trachea, nasopharynx, and alveoli.
trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles.
larynx, trachea, and bronchi.
Trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles
The thin-walled sac where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with the blood in the pulmonary circulatory system is a(n):
a. bronchiole.
b. alveolus.
c. tertiary bronchus.
d. alveolar duct.
Alveolus
The trachea is:
a. a noncollapsible tubular structure of C-shaped cartilage
b. a boxlike structure consiting of nine pieces of cartilage
c. connected to the nasopharynx superiorly
d. a noncollapsible tubular structure of oval-shaped cartilage
a noncollapsible tubular structure of C-shaped cartilage
The blood supply to nourish and support lung tissue is the:
low-pressure system.
pulmonary circulation.
bronchial circulation.
low-resistance system.
bronchial circulation
The serous membrane lining that adheres to the chest wall is the:
parietal viscera.
visceral pleura.
parietal pleura.
serous fibrous pleura.
Parietal pleura
For what purpose is a chest radiograph obtained after endotrachel tube insertion?
a. to check for pneumonia
b. to ensure proper placement/position
c. to check for puncture of the trachea
d. all of these are reasons to obtain a chest radiograph after endotracheal tube insertion
To ensure proper placement/position
What is a common result of an endotracheal tube that is positioned too low and into the right main stem bronchus?
a. Pneumothorax
b. Pneumomediastinum
c. Left lung atelectasis
d. Right main stem bronchus puncture
Left lung atelectasis
What image is obtained to verify the correct placement of a central venous catheter?
Chest radiograph
KUB
Soft tissue neck
All of above
Chest radiograph
Which of the following complications may occur as a result of central venous catheter insertion or misplacement?
(1) Pneumothorax.
(2) Air embolism.
(3) Puncture of the subclavian artery.
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which type of internal device is used for chemotherapy and long-term venous access?
a. Endotracheal tube
b. Swan-Ganz catheter
c. Central venous catheter
d. Peripherally inserted central catheter
(PICC)
Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)
Which type of internal device is used for measurements of cardiac output and pulmonary capillary wedge and central venous pressures?
a. Endotracheal tube
b. Swan-Ganz catheter
c. Central venous catheter
d. Peripherally inserted central catheter
(PICC)
Swan-Ganz catheter
The hereditary disease process characterized by the excretion of viscous mucus blocking the air passages is:
a. cystic fibrosis.
b. histoplasmosis.
c. pneumonia.
d. pleurisy.
cystic fibrosis
The newborn who experiences underaeration of the lungs resulting from a lack of surfactant has:
a. cystic fibrosis.
b. hyaline membrane disease.
c. croup.
d. pneumonia.
hyaline membrane disease
Croup is a(n):
a) viral infection of the subglottic region of the trachea.
b) infection involving the pleural lining of the lung.
c) bronchial spasm narrowing the bronchi.
d) trapping of air in the alveolar sacs.
Viral infection of the subglottic region of the trachea
Swelling of the epiglottic tissue commonly caused by the flu is:
croup.
epiglottitis.
pleurisy.
pneumonia.
epiglottitis
An inflammatory exudate caused by pneumococcus causing the affected lung to appear solid is called:
a. alveolar pneumonia.
b. viral pneumonia.
c. bronchopneumonia.
d. interstitial pneumonia.
Alveolar pneumonia
Viral and fungal infections causing a thickened interstitium appearing on CT as a “honeycomb lung” is:
a. aspiration pneumonia.
b. coccidioidomycosis.
c. pleurisy.
d. interstitial pneumonia.
interstitial pneumonia
The lung disease that is a highly volatile microbe because of its ease of transmission and high fatality rate is:
a. coccidioidomycosis.
b. histoplasmosis.
c. anthrax.
d. epiglottitis.
Anthrax
A lung abscess is a(n):
necrotic area containing purulent material.
encapsulated area containing water.
fungus settled in the lung parenchyma.
is similar to a blood clot.
necrotic area containing purulent material
Rod-shaped bacteria that have a waxy coat permitting existence outside the host for long periods cause:
a. bacterial pneumonia.
b. chronic bronchitis.
c. tuberculosis.
d. bronchopneumonia.
tuberculosis
Sharply circumscribed encapsulation of the tuberculosis bacilli is known
anthrax.
lung abscess.
necrosis.
tuberculoma.
tuberculoma
Sharply circumscribed encapsulation of the tuberculosis bacilli is known
anthrax.
lung abscess.
necrosis.
tuberculoma.
tuberculoma
Histoplasmosis and coccidioidomycosis are examples of:
pneumonia.
pulmonary mycoses.
lung abscesses.
pneumoconiosis.
pulmonary mycoses
Chronic histoplasmosis has a radiographic appearance similar to:
pneumonia.
pneumoconiosis.
tuberculosis.
pleural effusion.
Tuberculosis
The disease that attacks the lower respiratory system causing necrosis of the respiratory epithelium of the bronchi and bronchioles leading to bronchiolitis is called:
a. respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
b. pulmonary mycosis.
c. anthrax.
d. pneumoconiosis.
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
The Coronavirus of unknown origin that causes upper and lower respiratory infections that begin with a nonproductive cough is:
a. respiratory syncytial virus.
b. severe acute respiratory syndrome
(SARS).
c. adult respiratory distress syndrome.
d. idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
The general term used to describe obstruction of the airways leading to an ineffective exchange of respiratory gases is:
a. pulmonary mycosis.
b. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
c. pneumoconiosis.
d. severe acute respiratory syndrome.
chronic obstructive pulomonary disease
A crippling and debilitating condition resulting from trapped air causing a loss of elasticity in the alveoli is called:
a. bronchitis.
b. asthma.
c. emphysema.
d. pneumoconiosis.
emphysema
The hallmark of pulmonary overinflation in cases of emphysema is:
flattened diaphragms.
widened mediastinum.
calcification of the hilar region.
pleural effusion.
flattened diaphragms
Common allergens causing a widespread narrowing of the airways are:
histoplasmosis.
bronchitis.
pneumonia.
asthma.
asthma
Inhaled foreign substances retained permanently in the acini causing irreversible damage is:
a. pneumonia.
b. pneumoconiosis.
c. bronchitis.
d. pulmonary mycosis.
pneumoconiosis
Prolonged exposure to quartz dust found in the earth’s crust causes:
pneumoconiosis.
anthracosis.
silicosis.
asbestosis.
silicosis
Asbestos fibers cause major fibrosis resulting in:
pleural effusion.
pulmonary edema.
black lung.
pleural plaques.
plerual plaques
Squamous carcinoma typically arises from the _____ causing gradual narrowing of the bronchial lumen.
a. major central bronchi
b. glandular structures
c. pleural lining
d. lung parenchyma
major central bronchi
The most common malignant lung neoplasm arising from the mucosa of the bronchial tree is:
a. squamous carcinoma.
b. bronchogenic carcinoma.
c. adenocarcinoma
d. bronchiolar carcinoma
bronchogenic carcinoma
Coccidioidomycosis is:
caused by fungal exposure.
an example of pulmonary mycosis.
caused by viral exposure.
Both A and B.
Both A and B
Silicosis is a type of:
pulmonary mycosis.
tuberculosis.
pneumoconiosis.
COPD.
pneumoconiosis
Inflammation caused by bacillus (mycobacterium) resulting in lesions (or cavities) that may calcify and are usually found in the apices is known as:
a. tuberculosis.
b. bronchogenic carcinoma.
c. pneumonia.
d. cystic fibrosis.
tuberculosis
Pulmonary metastatic disease most commonly originates from a carcinoma in the:
a. brain.
b. prostate.
c. breast.
d. spine.
breast
Stomach, thyroid, and pancreas carcinomas metastasize to the lung by:
hematogenous spread.
lymphangitic spread.
direct connection.
random nature.
lymphangitic spread
Thrombi that develop in the deep venous system of the lower extremity and are trapped in the lung circulation are:
a. alveolar emboli.
b. pulmonary emboli.
c. bronchial emboli.
d. pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas.
pulmonary emboli
To best demonstrate pulmonary emboli, the noninvasive modality of
high-resolution CT.
nuclear medicine lung scan.
Doppler ultrasound.
PET lung scan.
high-resolution CT
A condition of diminished air within the lung volume is:
associated with reduced lung
adult respiratory distress syndrome.
atelectasis.
pleural effusion.
septic embolism.
atelectasis
Air in the cavity surrounding the lung is known as:
a. pleural effusion.
b. atelectasis.
c. pneumothorax.
d. hemothorax.
pneumothorax
The earliest sign of this disease process is blunting of the normal sharp angle between the diaphragm and the rib cage.
a. Pneumothorax
b. Pleurisy
c. Pulmonary emboli
d. Pleural effusion
pleural effusion
Infected fluid in the pleural cavity is a(n):
pleural effusion.
empyema.
lung abscess.
atelectasis.
empyema
Thymoma is a lesion in the _____ mediastinum.
anterior
lateral
posterior
superior
anterior
The posterior mediastinum is the location of:
lymph node disorders.
aneurysms of the descending aorta.
bronchogenic cysts.
teratomas.
aneurysms of the descending aorta
A rare congenital abnormality in which one diaphragm is poorly developed and too weak to permit abdominal contents’ upward movement is:
a. diaphragmatic paralysis.
b. obesity.
c. ascites.
d. eventration.
eventration
The Ghon lesion is an image characteristic of:
atelectasis.
tuberculosis.
bronchogenic carcinoma.
pneumococcal pneumonia.
tuberculosis
An air/fluid level within an encapsulated, opaque mass is seen on a chest radiograph. Which respiratory disease demonstrates this characteristic?
a. Tuberculosis
b. Pulmonary metastasis
c. Lung abscess
d. SARS
Lung abscess
Which contains active disease and carries the danger of breaking down and disseminating the disease?
a. Tuberculoma
b. Pneumococcal nidus
c. Granuloma
d. Ghon lesion
tuberculoma
Permanent abnormal dilation of one or more large bronchi as a result of destruction of the elastic and muscular components of the bronchial wall defines:
a. atelectasis.
b. bronchiectasis.
c. emphysema.
d. asthma.
bronchiectasis
