Chapter 4 Skeletal System Flashcards
The bone is covered on the outer surfaces by a fibrous membraned called:
periosteum
The hollow, tubelike structure within the diaphysis is the:
medullary cavity
A weblike arrangement of marrow-filled spaces separated by thin bone is:
cancellous bone
The secondary ossification center in a long bone is the:
epiphysis
Growth of outer bone diameter is dependent upon:
osteoblasts
Bone that develops within the connective tissue is called:
Intramembranous ossification
Which type of cell is associated with bone formation and resorption?
Osteoclastic
A vertebra with characteristics of more than one major division of the spine is called:
A transitional vertebra
Herniation of the meninges in the lumbar or cervical region is known as a:
meningocele
A rare hereditary bone dysplasia involving the bone resorption mechanism of calcified cartilage is:
Osteopetrosis
An inherited disorder of connective tissue characterized by multiple fractures is:
osteogenesis imperfecta
The most common form of dwarfism, caused by decreased enchondral bone formation, is:
Achondroplasia
For brittle bone disease, the radiographer should:
decrease the exposure factors
The disease process that begins as an inflammation of the synovial membrane causing synovial proliferation is called:
Rheumatoid arthritis
The most common form of degenerative arthritis that has osteophyte development is:
osteoarthritis
Which of the following results when a pyogenic organism enters the joint through the blood, direct extension, or trauma?
Infectious arthritis
The fluid-filled sacs located near joints may become inflamed, which results in:
bursitis
To best demonstrate early changes in osteomyelitis, the modality of choice is:
nuclear medicine
A disorder that begins as a bone abscess that travels through the medullary cavity and outward to lift the periosteum is known as:
osteomyelitis
Osteomyelitis is correctly characterized as:
A) the result of bacteria
B) pyogenic
C) a postoperative complication
D) all of the above
D) all of the above
A disease process usually caused by accelerated bone resorption results in:
osteoporosis
To assess bone material content from a qualitative approach, the best imaging is:
dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry
Insufficient mineralization of the adult skeleton appearing, as a loss of bone density, is:
osteomalacia
Body weight on weight-bearing loss may bend or bow as a result of softened bones in cases of:
osteomalacia
Blood levels with an increased uric acid leading to deposits of crystals in the joints and cartilage is:
gout
To demonstrate degenerative knee joint narrowing most accurately requires the image to be:
weight-bearing standing AP and lateral
In Paget’s disease, the beginning phase involves bone:
destruction
The most common initial site of Paget’s disease is the:
pelvis
Proliferation of fibrous tissue within the medullary cavity is:
fibrous dysplasia
A pattern of lytic and sclerotic new bone growth, with a flattening of the femoral head, associated with periosteal new bone is suggestive of:
ischemic necrosis
A true osteochondroma grows laterally from the epiphysis and:
must exhibit a cortex and medullary portion
Lobulated borders from endosteal scalloping, containing focal areas of high signal intensity on T2-weighted MR images, are suggestive of an:
enchondroma
The bone lesion typically seen as a small (<1cm) round area with a lucent center (nidus) is a(n):
osteoid osteoma
An expansile lucent lesion demonstrating a sharp demarcation from normal adjacent bone having a thin sclerotic rim is an:
unicameral cyst
A cyst-like lesion causing ballooning and possibly having internal septations is a(n):
aneurysmal bone cyst
Malignant bone lesions cause soft-tissue swelling and:
Cortical bone erosion causing a poorly defined margin
A classic sunburst pattern of bony spicules that extend in a radiating fashion is a characteristic radiographic appearance of:
osteogenic sarcomas
Primary malignant tumors arising from the bone marrow of long bones in children and young adults usually causing localized pain are indicative of:
Ewing’s sarcoma
The classic radiographic appearance of multiple punched-out osteolytic lesions scattered throughout the skeletal system is suggestive of:
multiple myeloma
For detecting asymptomatic bone metastases, the modality of choice is:
radionuclide bone scan
Discontinuity of two or more fragments is considered a(n):
Complete fracture
A fracture resulting from a weakness in the bone caused by a tumor or infection is known as what type of fracture?
Pathologic
The healing of fracture fragments in a faulty position is:
malunion
Suspected nonaccidental trauma is another name for:
battered-child syndrome
A fracture usually caused by falling on an outstretched hand resulting in posterior displacement of the distal fragment of the radius is a:
Colles’ fracture
A fracture of the arch of C2 anterior to the inferior facet usually associated with anterior subluxation of C2 and C3 is known as a:
Hangman’s fracture
Forward displacement of one vertebra on the other resulting in back pain caused by cleft in the pars interarticularis is:
Spondylolisthesis
Which imaging modality is most commonly used to demonstrate rotator cuff tears?
MRI
Which imaging modality is used to demonstrate tears in the menisci of the knees?
MRI
A tumor grows parallel to the bone and points away from the adjacent joint. What common benign bone tumor is it?
Osteochondroma
