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Radiologic Pathology > Chapter 1 Intro to Pathology > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Intro to Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

A disease process caused by physicians or their treatment is:

A

Iatrogenic

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2
Q

A basic reaction of the body to some form of injury is a:

A

disease

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3
Q

What term is used to denote a disease in which the underlying cause is unknown?

A

Idiopathic

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4
Q

Alterations of cell growth, specifically an abnormal proliferation of cells, is called:

A

Neoplasms (tumors)

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5
Q

The initial response of body tissues to local injury is:

A

Inflammation

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6
Q

Heat and redness associated with inflammation is produced by:

A

hyperemia

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7
Q

In an injury, the destroyed tissue is replaced with:

A

Granulation tissue

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8
Q

Of the five clinical signs of acute inflammation, the medical term for swelling is:

A

tumor (swelling)

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9
Q

Some bacterial organisms produce substances that cause damage to the tissue and incite the inflammatory process known as:

A

Toxins

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10
Q

Chronic inflammation in a localized area, which often has centralized necrosis, is called:

A

Granuloma

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11
Q

In acute inflammation, the localized heat and redness are a result of the:

A

increased blood flow and vascular permeability

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12
Q

In pyogenic infections, the body responds by producing a thick, yellow fluid called:

A

pus

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13
Q

All pyogens have the ability to enter the blood circulation causing:

A

bacteremia

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14
Q

Connective tissue fibers replacing dead tissue and then contracting in the abdomen are known as:

A

fibrous adhesions

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15
Q

An accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue throughout the body is called:

A

anasarca

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16
Q

Localized _____________ is produced in an inflammatory reaction as a result of a fluid accumulation.

A

edema

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17
Q

An inflammation associated with pus formation is:

A

Suppurative

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18
Q

The protein-rich fluid associated with swelling in an inflammatory process is:

A

exudate

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19
Q

The low-protein fluid associated with the inflammatory process as seen in pulmonary edema is called:

A

transudate

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20
Q

A localized area of ischemic necrosis within a tissue or organ produced by vascular occlusion is a(n):

A

infarct

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21
Q

Depriving tissues of oxygen and nutrients caused by arterial vessel narrowing is referred to as:

A

ischemia

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22
Q

The progression of a loss of oxygen and nutrients resulting in tissue necrosis, especially in the diabetic’s foot, is called:

A

gengrene

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23
Q

A subcutaneous hematoma greater than 1 to 2 cm is called a(n):

A

ecchymosis

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24
Q

An accumulation of blood trapped within the body tissues is known as a(n):

A

hematoma

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25
Q

Bleeding into mucous membranes or serosal surfaces is referred to as:

A

petechiae

26
Q

The volume of blood loss, the rate of blood loss, and the site of blood loss will determine the:

A

patient status, clinical significance and treatment required

27
Q

When a reduction in the size or number of cells in an organ occurs, this results in:

A

atrophy

28
Q

When cells fail to develop and as a result the organ is small, the organ is considerd:

A

hypoplastic

29
Q

Which term is used to describe an increase in the size of an organ or tissue in response to an increase in function?

A

Hypertrophy

30
Q

The proliferation of granulation tissue to repair an injury is an example of:

A

hyperplasia

31
Q

The proliferation of granulation tissue to repair an injury is an example of:

A

hyperplasia

32
Q

The Latin word for “new growth” is:

A

neoplasia

33
Q

New growths that invade and destroy adjacent structures and have the ability to spread are considered:

A

malignant

34
Q

A polyp is a:

A

projecting mass from an inner mucous membrane

35
Q

A malignancy of glandular tissue, such as breast or liver, is referred to as a(n):

A

adenocarcinoma

36
Q

The term derived from the Lain term for “crab” is:

A

cancer

37
Q

The study of neoplasms or tumors is called:

A

oncology

38
Q

Tumors closely resembling their cells of origin in structure and function are called:

A

benign

39
Q

When tumor cells flourish, causing the patient to become weak and emaciated, this condition is referred to as:

A

cachexia

40
Q

Benign epithelial neoplasms that grow in a gland-like pattern are:

A

adenomas

41
Q

Tumors that contain muscle cells are called:

A

myomas

42
Q

Tumor cells of stratified squamous epithelium, which invade and destroy adjacent structures, make up:

A

squamous cell carcinomas

43
Q

If an neoplastic growth proliferates without form, it is considered:

A

anaplastic

44
Q

Symptoms suggestive of esophageal or stomach cancer are:

A

anorexia and dysphagia

45
Q

Diffuse spread of malignant neoplasms by invasions into a natural body cavity is called:

A

seeding

46
Q

The major metastatic route of carcinomas is:

A

lymphatic spread

47
Q

Assessing the aggressiveness or degree of malignancy is referred to as:

A

grading

48
Q

To determine the most appropriate therapy, the disease process must be:

A

staged

49
Q

Using a combination of cytotoxic substance to kill neoplastic cells is called:

A

chemotherapy

50
Q

The most common hereditary abnormality is:

A

enzyme deficiency

51
Q

Exposure to radiation, chemicals, or viruses may result in alterations in the DNA called:

A

mutations

52
Q

A gene always producing an effect regardless or whether the person is homozygous or heterozygous is named:

A

dominant

53
Q

When a vaccine or toxoid is used to counteract an antigen, it is considered:

A

active immunity

54
Q

The body has the ability to combat antigens by forming ________ in the lymphoid tissue

A

antibodies and immunoglobulins

55
Q

Hypotension and vascular collapse with urticaria, bronchiolar spasm, and laryngeal edema are characteristics of:

A

anaphylactic reactions

56
Q

Profound and sustained impairment of cellular immunity resulting in recurrent or sequential opportunistic infections is characteristic of:

A

AIDS

57
Q

The retrovirus known to contribute to AIDS is:

A

human immunodeficiency virus

58
Q

A hazy, perihilar, granular infiltrate spreading to the lung periphery is the early radiographic finding of:

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

59
Q

The modality of choice to demonstrate the multiple manifestations of AIDS is the central nervous system is:

A

MRI

60
Q

All of the following are personal protective equipment (PPE), except:
A) gown
B) gloves
C) mask
D) sharps container

A

D) sharps container

61
Q

All of the following are additive diseases in terms of x-ray attenuation, except:
A) pneumonia
B) osteolytic metastasis
C) callus
D) ascites

A

osteolytic metastasis

Radiologic Pathology (7 decks)

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