Chapter 6: Treatment of Psychological Disorders Flashcards
The goal of psychoanalysis was to help patients achieve __________.
insight
Describe the processes of free association and dream interpretation.
Free association: verbal reports of thoughts, feelings, images that enter awareness without censorship
Dream interpretation: belief that dreams are reflection of subconscious with symbolic meaning
In the context of psychoanalysis, what is resistance?
Defensive maneuvers that hinder therapy. Often a sign that anxiety-arousing material is approaching.
What is transference?
Transference is when the patient responds irrationally to therapist as if they were a figure in the patient’s life.
Positive Transference: positive feelings towards therapist
Negative Transference: negative feelings towards therapist
How do modern psychodynamic therapies differ from Freudian psychodynamics?
Modern therapies are briefer. The goal is less to analyze, but rather to unpack specific problems in the patient’s life.
What is the focus of cognitive therapies?
The role of irrational and self-defeating thought patterns.
What is the ABCD Model under Ellis’ Rational Emotive Therapy (RET)?
Activating event, belief system, consequences, disputing maladaptive thoughts.
Behavioural therapies believe that __________ is the problem, rather than a symptom of a problem.
maladaptive behaviour
__________ is a process of exposure to real-life stimuli related to phobias.
Flooding
__________ consists of imagining scenes involving stimuli related to phobias.
Implosion
Systematic desensitization seeks to eliminate anxiety through what process?
Counter-conditioning.
What behavioural treatment consists of controlled exposure to ‘real-life’ situations related to anxiety-inducing tasks?
In-vivo desensitization.
Describe the Modelling approach to behavioural therapy.
Learning of new skills by observing and imitating a model. (therapist)
Cognitive-behavioural therapies centre around concepts of __________, from humanistic and eastern methods
mindfulness
Describe Acceptance and Commitment Therapy.
Focus is placed on mindfulness as a vehicle of change and anxiety as a temporary state.
Dialectal Behaviour Therapy (DBT) is developed specifically to treat what disorder?
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). It is also effective at treating other disorders as well.
What are some focuses of client-centred therapy/Person-centred therapy?
Genuineness, empathy, unconditional positive regard.
Animal-assisted therapy (does/does not) have a regulative body.
does not
What is psychopharmacology?
The study of how drugs affect cognition, emotions, behaviour.
What are psychotropics?
Drugs that affect mental processes by changing brain chemistry.
Which neurotransmitters do tricyclics increase the activity of?
Norepinephrine and serotonin.
How do monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors work?
They increase the activity of norepinephrine and serotonin by inhibiting MAOs, which break them down.
How do selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) work and why are they sometimes favoured over other drugs?
They block the reuptake of serotonin. They are favoured due to their milder side effects compared to other drugs.
What is tardive diskinesia and how does it relate to antipsychotic drugs?
Tardive diskinesia is a severe movement disorder of the face, tongue, arms, and legs. It is a side effect of a previous treatment for schizophrenia.
Electroconvulsive therapy is effective in treating what disorders?
Severe depression.
Describe the psychosurgical procedures of the lobotomy and cingulotomy.
Lobotomy: Destruction of nerve tracts to frontal lobes
Cingulotomy: Severing of connections between frontal lobes and limbic system via corpus callosum
What factors affect the outcome of therapy?
Therapist variables, client variables, techniques.
How do rates of suicide differ between men and women?
Women are statistically more likely to attempt suicide, men have a 3x higher rate of successful suicide.
