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psych 105 > Chapter 3: Intelligence > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Intelligence Flashcards

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1
Q

What is intelligence?

A

The ability to acquire knowledge, think, reason, and adapt to environments effectively.

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2
Q

How is intelligence a social construct?

A

Intelligence is made up socially for the purpose of social comparison.

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3
Q

Which country’s civil service developed the first intelligence tests?

A

China.

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4
Q

Which founding figure in eugenics sought to quantify mental ability?

A

Sir Francis Galton.

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5
Q

Who developed the first psychological intelligence tests?

A

Binet and Simon.

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6
Q

How is Stern’s Intelligence Quotient calculated?

A

(Mental age/Chronological age) x 100

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7
Q

Why is modern IQ no longer based on mental age?

A

Mental age model declines in accuracy past adolescence; 60 year old is not expected to be twice as intelligent as 30 year old.

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8
Q

How did Lewis Terman modify Binet’s tests?

A

Created the Stanford-Binet Scale, changed IQ to the N(100, 15) scale.

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9
Q

What intelligence tests did Wechsler create?

A

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children (WISC), and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI).

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10
Q

The psychometric approach to intelligence attempts to:

A

map intelligence and performance

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11
Q

The two types of tests in the psychometric approach are:

A

Achievement tests and aptitude tests.

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12
Q

Charles Spearman’s g factor referred to:

A

The core of intelligence, involved in all tasks.

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13
Q

L. L. Thurstone argued for ____________ instead of g factor as a means of representing intelligence.

A

Primary mental abilities

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14
Q

What is the difference between crystallized and fluid intelligence?

A

Crystallized intelligence is the application of previously acquired knowledge, fluid intelligence deals with novel situations without previous knowledge.

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15
Q

What are the three strata in Carroll’s Three-Stratum Model?

A

General, broad, narrow.

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16
Q

How does cognitive process theory differ from the psychometric approach?

A

Seeks to understand the ‘why’ of intelligence, not just quantify/measure it.

17
Q

How many independent Intelligences are there?

A

Eight: linguistic, logical-mathematical, visuospatial, musical, kinesthetic, interpersonal, naturalistic, existential

18
Q

What are the three components of intelligence under Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory?

A

Metacomponents, performance components, knowledge-acquisition components.

19
Q

What are the three types of knowledge under Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory?

A

Analytical, practical, creative.

20
Q

What are the four branches of emotion detection in the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT)?

A

Perceiving emotion, using emotion to facilitate thought, understanding emotion, managing emotions.

21
Q

What is the Flynn Effect?

A

General IQ scores have increased over time (by average of 28 points).

22
Q

Which cross-cultural assessment tool is frequently used to measure fluid intelligence?

A

Raven Progressive Matrices.

23
Q

What is test-retest reliability?

A

Reliability of results of tests on the same participants over time.

24
Q

What is internal consistency?

A

To what extent all items in test measure the same thing.

25
Q

What is inter-judge reliability?

A

Consistency of measurement when different people score the same test.

26
Q

_________ is to consistency as ___________ is to accuracy

A

Reliability, validity

27
Q

What is construct validity?

A

To what extent a test measures what it’s supposed to.

28
Q

What is content validity?

A

To what extent items measure knowledge of skills that comprise the construct

29
Q

What is criterion-measured validity?

A

How wells test scores predict criterion measures.

30
Q

___________ and ____________ are used to measure neural efficiency.

A

Electrophysiology, PET scans.

31
Q

What IQ score indicates someone being intellectually gifted?

A

130, the 90th percentile.

32
Q

What percentage of Americans are categorized as intellectually disabled?

A

3-5%

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