Chapter 3: Intelligence Flashcards
What is intelligence?
The ability to acquire knowledge, think, reason, and adapt to environments effectively.
How is intelligence a social construct?
Intelligence is made up socially for the purpose of social comparison.
Which country’s civil service developed the first intelligence tests?
China.
Which founding figure in eugenics sought to quantify mental ability?
Sir Francis Galton.
Who developed the first psychological intelligence tests?
Binet and Simon.
How is Stern’s Intelligence Quotient calculated?
(Mental age/Chronological age) x 100
Why is modern IQ no longer based on mental age?
Mental age model declines in accuracy past adolescence; 60 year old is not expected to be twice as intelligent as 30 year old.
How did Lewis Terman modify Binet’s tests?
Created the Stanford-Binet Scale, changed IQ to the N(100, 15) scale.
What intelligence tests did Wechsler create?
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children (WISC), and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI).
The psychometric approach to intelligence attempts to:
map intelligence and performance
The two types of tests in the psychometric approach are:
Achievement tests and aptitude tests.
Charles Spearman’s g factor referred to:
The core of intelligence, involved in all tasks.
L. L. Thurstone argued for ____________ instead of g factor as a means of representing intelligence.
Primary mental abilities
What is the difference between crystallized and fluid intelligence?
Crystallized intelligence is the application of previously acquired knowledge, fluid intelligence deals with novel situations without previous knowledge.
What are the three strata in Carroll’s Three-Stratum Model?
General, broad, narrow.
How does cognitive process theory differ from the psychometric approach?
Seeks to understand the ‘why’ of intelligence, not just quantify/measure it.
How many independent Intelligences are there?
Eight: linguistic, logical-mathematical, visuospatial, musical, kinesthetic, interpersonal, naturalistic, existential
What are the three components of intelligence under Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory?
Metacomponents, performance components, knowledge-acquisition components.
What are the three types of knowledge under Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory?
Analytical, practical, creative.
What are the four branches of emotion detection in the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT)?
Perceiving emotion, using emotion to facilitate thought, understanding emotion, managing emotions.
What is the Flynn Effect?
General IQ scores have increased over time (by average of 28 points).
Which cross-cultural assessment tool is frequently used to measure fluid intelligence?
Raven Progressive Matrices.
What is test-retest reliability?
Reliability of results of tests on the same participants over time.
What is internal consistency?
To what extent all items in test measure the same thing.
What is inter-judge reliability?
Consistency of measurement when different people score the same test.
_________ is to consistency as ___________ is to accuracy
Reliability, validity
What is construct validity?
To what extent a test measures what it’s supposed to.
What is content validity?
To what extent items measure knowledge of skills that comprise the construct
What is criterion-measured validity?
How wells test scores predict criterion measures.
___________ and ____________ are used to measure neural efficiency.
Electrophysiology, PET scans.
What IQ score indicates someone being intellectually gifted?
130, the 90th percentile.
What percentage of Americans are categorized as intellectually disabled?
3-5%
