Chapter 6: The Art of Interviewing (Lessons 9, 10 & 11) Flashcards
Trauma and Violence-informed Approach
-emphasizing confidentiality
-identifying interview purpose
-shaping questions based on needs
-letting the client have control
-empowerment
-promoting safety
Why is always applying a trauma-informed approach beneficial?
-you never know who has experienced trauma or what kind
-doesn’t require them to disclose their experience and re-traumatize themselves
What is trauma?
the emotional consequences of a distressing event
Introducing Yourself
-NOD
-ask them what they want to be called and their pronouns
Assure Confidentiality
-who will be involved with the information
-this honesty builds trust
What to say to inform about confidentiality:
“Everything we discuss will remain confidential and only be discussed among healthcare team members involved in your care.”
Provide a Purpose
-tell them what you are doing, when you are doing it, and why
-ask if it works with them (involve them in care)
Open Ended Question
-don’t make assumptions
-allows them to share their story in their own words
Empathy
-respond to their words not the appearance of their illness
-tell them what you are assessing for to reassure them
-don’t dismiss concerns
Relational Inquiry
the complex interplay of human life, the world, and nursing practice (means avoid viewing clients on a strictly individual level)
Intrapersonal Communication
-an aspect of relational inquiry
-assess what is occurring within all people involved
Interpersonal Communication
-an aspect of relational inquiry
-allows you to assess what is occurring between people involved
-behaviours and priorities
Contextual Communication
-an aspect of relational inquiry
-allows you to assess what is occurring around the people involved
What is the opposite of relational inquiry?
individualist approach
“Who is with you today?”
-doesn’t allow for assumptions
-allows them to identify the relationship in own words
Preferred Names of Guests
-ask others in the room what they prefer to be called
-acknowledges others and their role
-builds trust, rapport, involves them in the care process
Asking Questions
-some people may not know they are supposed to ask questions
-give them the opportunity to ask questions
-remind them to ask if they are unsure and provide a safe way to do so
Example of Intrapersonal question:
“How are you feeling today?”
Example of an interpersonal question:
“Tell me about your support system”
An example of a contextual question:
“Are there any other resources that would be helpful to you?”
Anti-racism
-an active process of changing attitudes, beliefs, practices, and policies to dismantle systemic hierarchy and oppressive power
What is involved in an anti-racism approach?
-identifying and challenging institutional racism
-specific and directed action
-recognizing self and an agent for change
What do health professionals need to do?
-use an anti-racist approach
-advocate for clients and colleagues experiencing racism
Opening the Conversation
-use cues to open conversations and give opportunity for an educational experience
Identify Actions of Others
-tell them what is wrong with their actions and why they are wrong
Be Respectful
-don’t attack others
-educate and provide opportunity for further education
-don’t label people as “racist,” it is systemic and everyone contributes
Subjective Data
-information shared with you via client, family, friends
-statements, feelings, experiences
Primary Source
client
Secondary Data
-from family, friends, care partners, other providers
Objective Data
-factual information
-observation, measurement, diagnostic procedures
General Overview
-review clients chart, health record
-general history
Purpose of Reviewing Records
-conveys interest and competence
-follow up on missing data
-saves client from repetition
-identify changes in status
Interview Environment
-quiet location
-welcoming environment
-physical comfort
-inclusive space
-privacy
-professional boundaries
-understand your role
Confidentiality
-you are legally required to keep confidentiality
-must request permission before disclosure, except when harm is a factor
Self-reflection
-recognize your own emotional state
-minimizes unintentional miscommunication
Self Considerations
-your thoughts
-your biases
-are you physically expressing emotions?
-how is your health?
-is your environment a distraction?
Mindfulness
-valuable strategy for connecting with clients and being authentic
Mindful Awareness
-being consciously aware of your physical presence, cognitive processes, emotional state
Mindful Practice
-conscious development of skills needed to show attention, compassion, and be less reactive
Attention
-attending fully to the present moment
-involved awareness
Intention
-knowing why we are doing what we do
-goals
Attitude
-how we pay attention
-open, kind, curious
COAL
curiosity, openness, acceptance, love
Five Facets of Mindfulness
-observing phenomena
-describing what is occurring
-acting with awareness
-non-judging attitude
-non-reactivity to distressing events
Note Taking
-let them know if you are taking notes and how they will be used
Closed-ended Questions
-direct questions you ask when seeking precise information
-generate a yes or no response
-ie. do you smoke?
Open-ended Questions
-invite descriptive answers
-ie. how have you been feeling this past week?
Probing Questions
-questions that allow you to gather more subjective data based on the clients response
-ie. tell me more
Therapeutic Communication
-foundation of the professional relationship
-ensures well-being, holistic, client centred, quality care
Competitive Listening
-when we are too focused on sharing our own POV rather than listening to others
Passive Listening
-not interested in listening to the other person and assume we understand without verification
Active Listening
-communicate verbally and nonverbally
-interested in what the other person says
-verify understanding
Aspects of Therapeutic Communication
-clear and simple language
-open-ended questions
-clarification
-paraphrasing
-shared observation
-summarizing
-silence
-honesty
-one question at a time
Permission Statements
a combination of statements and questions that suggest to the client that an experience is normal
Non-therapeutic Responses
-closed questions
-why questions
-passing judgement
-giving advice
-defensiveness
-changing subject
-sympathy
-false reassurance
Concluding the Interview
-ensure you understand everything
-make sure client shared everything they wanted to and doesn’t have anything to add
-ensure client knows next steps in care
