Chapter 11: Culture and Communication (Lessons 19 & 20) Flashcards
Culture
a shared set of values, beliefs, norms/assumptions
Co-Cultures
-smaller groups within a culture
-ie. Hutterites, 2SLGBTQ+, Religions
5 Ways to Think about Culture
Culture is learned, shared, dynamic, systemic, symbolic
Cultural Iceberg
-most people focus on the tip of the iceberg (10%)
-the other 90% of the iceberg is underwater
Tip of the Iceberg
-food, clothing, language, music, festivals, etc.
-what can be seen
Underwater Iceberg
-thought patterns, values, beliefs, attitudes, concepts, communication styles
Ethnocentrism
idea that some people think their culture is better than others
Stereotyping
-grouping people together based off observations
-can be bad when it leads to making a generalization
Multiculturalism
-a surface approach to the coexistence and tolerance of different cultures
-covers tip of the ice berg features
Cross-cultural Approaches
-go deeper
-goal is to be more sensitive
-builds limited understanding
Intercultural Appraches
-well beneath the iceberg
-making intentional efforts to understand other cultures
Hofstede’s Dimensions
-places cultural dimensions in a continuum that ranges from high to low
Power Distance
-a Hofstede dimension
-High: means a culture accepts and expects hierarchy
-Low: everyone is on the same level
Individualism
-a Hofstede dimension
-High: means the culture tends to put individual needs ahead of the group
Uncertainty Avoidance
-a Hofstede dimension
-High: go to some lengths to predict and control the future
-Low: relaxed about the future, more risk-taking
Masculinity
-a Hofstede dimension
-High: values traits that were considered masculine
-Low: traditionally considered feminine traits
Long-term Orientation
-a Hofstede dimension
-High: long-term, multigenerational view when making decisions
-Low: want quick results and spend over saving
Indulgence
-a Hofstede dimension
-High: people are okay to indulge in desires and impulses
-Low: suppress desires or impulses
Trompenaars
-developed a different set of cultural measures
-7 dimensons
Universalism vs. Particularism
-a Trompenaar dimension
-extent a culture is more likely to apply rules and laws to ensure fairness
Individualism vs. Communitarianism
-a Trompenaar dimension
-the extent people prioritize individual over group interests
Specific vs. Diffuse
-a Trompenaar dimension
-extent a life work balance is desired
Neutral vs. Emotional
-a Trompenaar dimension
-extent a culture goes to avoid showing emotion
Achievement vs. Ascription
-a Trompenaar dimension
-degree to which aculture values earned achievement over title, lineage, position
Sequential TIme vs. Synchronous Time
-a Trompenaar dimension
-degree to which a culture prefers doing things one at a time vs many things at once
Internal Direction vs. Outer Direction
-a Trompenaar dimension
-degree to which members believe they have control over themsleves and their environment
Social Identity
-everyone had
-what makes you who you are
-age, gender, sexual orientation, pronouns, SDOH
Understanding Other Cultures
-you must understand that differences within and between groups does matter
Individualist Cultures - “I”
-western
-independent
-achievement oriented
-competitive
-assertive
-direct
-self-interest
Collectivist Cultures - “We”
-easter
-socially interdependent
-connected
-traditional
-cooperative
-obedient
-sensitive
-equalitarian
High Power Distance
-not all people are created equal
-don’t challenge
-people control others
-government hold power
-status and titles matter
Low Power Distance
-superiors work with subordinates
-work together
-relationship over status
-challenge what is said
Steps in moving from monocultural to intercultural approaches:
- Denial
- Polarization - accept and acknowledge
- Minimization
- Acceptance - recognition and deeper appreciation
- Adaptation
Cultural Competence
-a step towards effective intercultural communication
-strives to address power imbalances
Cultural Safety
an outcome of respectful engagement and is evident when people feel safe receiving care
Cultural Humility
process of self-reflection to understand one’s personal and systemic biases
Masculine Values
-Men are assertive, tough, focuses, show no pain or weakness
-Women are modest, tender, concerned with quality of life
Feminine Values
-gender roles overlap
-both genders are tender and concerned with quality of life
High Context
-closes ended questions
-little meaning through words
-gestures, facial expressions, silence have meaning
Low Context
-open ended questions
-meaning expressed through language
Intercultural Communication Strategies
-be mindful
-resist making judgements
-receptive to new ideas
-respectful to other perception
-adapt to others
-actively engage others
