Chapter 11: Culture and Communication (Lessons 19 & 20)

Question 1

Culture

Answer 1

a shared set of values, beliefs, norms/assumptions

Question 2

Co-Cultures

Answer 2

-smaller groups within a culture
-ie. Hutterites, 2SLGBTQ+, Religions

Question 3

5 Ways to Think about Culture

Answer 3

Culture is learned, shared, dynamic, systemic, symbolic

Question 4

Cultural Iceberg

Answer 4

-most people focus on the tip of the iceberg (10%)
-the other 90% of the iceberg is underwater

Question 5

Tip of the Iceberg

Answer 5

-food, clothing, language, music, festivals, etc.
-what can be seen

Question 6

Underwater Iceberg

Answer 6

-thought patterns, values, beliefs, attitudes, concepts, communication styles

Question 7

Ethnocentrism

Answer 7

idea that some people think their culture is better than others

Question 8

Stereotyping

Answer 8

-grouping people together based off observations
-can be bad when it leads to making a generalization

Question 9

Multiculturalism

Answer 9

-a surface approach to the coexistence and tolerance of different cultures
-covers tip of the ice berg features

Question 10

Cross-cultural Approaches

Answer 10

-go deeper
-goal is to be more sensitive
-builds limited understanding

Question 11

Intercultural Appraches

Answer 11

-well beneath the iceberg
-making intentional efforts to understand other cultures

Question 12

Hofstede’s Dimensions

Answer 12

-places cultural dimensions in a continuum that ranges from high to low

Question 13

Power Distance

Answer 13

-a Hofstede dimension
-High: means a culture accepts and expects hierarchy
-Low: everyone is on the same level

Question 14

Individualism

Answer 14

-a Hofstede dimension
-High: means the culture tends to put individual needs ahead of the group

Question 15

Uncertainty Avoidance

Answer 15

-a Hofstede dimension
-High: go to some lengths to predict and control the future
-Low: relaxed about the future, more risk-taking

Question 16

Masculinity

Answer 16

-a Hofstede dimension
-High: values traits that were considered masculine
-Low: traditionally considered feminine traits

Question 17

Long-term Orientation

Answer 17

-a Hofstede dimension
-High: long-term, multigenerational view when making decisions
-Low: want quick results and spend over saving

Question 18

Indulgence

Answer 18

-a Hofstede dimension
-High: people are okay to indulge in desires and impulses
-Low: suppress desires or impulses

Question 19

Trompenaars

Answer 19

-developed a different set of cultural measures
-7 dimensons

Question 20

Universalism vs. Particularism

Answer 20

-a Trompenaar dimension
-extent a culture is more likely to apply rules and laws to ensure fairness

Question 21

Individualism vs. Communitarianism

Answer 21

-a Trompenaar dimension
-the extent people prioritize individual over group interests

Question 22

Specific vs. Diffuse

Answer 22

-a Trompenaar dimension
-extent a life work balance is desired

Question 23

Neutral vs. Emotional

Answer 23

-a Trompenaar dimension
-extent a culture goes to avoid showing emotion

Question 24

Achievement vs. Ascription

Answer 24

-a Trompenaar dimension
-degree to which aculture values earned achievement over title, lineage, position

Question 25

Sequential TIme vs. Synchronous Time

Answer 25

-a Trompenaar dimension
-degree to which a culture prefers doing things one at a time vs many things at once

Question 26

Internal Direction vs. Outer Direction

Answer 26

-a Trompenaar dimension
-degree to which members believe they have control over themsleves and their environment

Question 27

Social Identity

Answer 27

-everyone had
-what makes you who you are
-age, gender, sexual orientation, pronouns, SDOH

Question 28

Understanding Other Cultures

Answer 28

-you must understand that differences within and between groups does matter

Question 29

Individualist Cultures - “I”

Answer 29

-western
-independent
-achievement oriented
-competitive
-assertive
-direct
-self-interest

Question 30

Collectivist Cultures - “We”

Answer 30

-easter
-socially interdependent
-connected
-traditional
-cooperative
-obedient
-sensitive
-equalitarian

Question 31

High Power Distance

Answer 31

-not all people are created equal
-don’t challenge
-people control others
-government hold power
-status and titles matter

Question 32

Low Power Distance

Answer 32

-superiors work with subordinates
-work together
-relationship over status
-challenge what is said

Question 33

Steps in moving from monocultural to intercultural approaches:

Answer 33

1. Denial
2. Polarization - accept and acknowledge
3. Minimization
4. Acceptance - recognition and deeper appreciation
5. Adaptation

Question 34

Cultural Competence

Answer 34

-a step towards effective intercultural communication
-strives to address power imbalances

Question 35

Cultural Safety

Answer 35

an outcome of respectful engagement and is evident when people feel safe receiving care

Question 36

Cultural Humility

Answer 36

process of self-reflection to understand one’s personal and systemic biases

Question 37

Masculine Values

Answer 37

-Men are assertive, tough, focuses, show no pain or weakness
-Women are modest, tender, concerned with quality of life

Question 38

Feminine Values

Answer 38

-gender roles overlap
-both genders are tender and concerned with quality of life

Question 39

High Context

Answer 39

-closes ended questions
-little meaning through words
-gestures, facial expressions, silence have meaning

Question 40

Low Context

Answer 40

-open ended questions
-meaning expressed through language

Question 41

Intercultural Communication Strategies

Answer 41

-be mindful
-resist making judgements
-receptive to new ideas
-respectful to other perception
-adapt to others
-actively engage others