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HLST 154 - Professional Communication > Chapter 2: Self and Perception (Lesson 12, 13 & 14) > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Self and Perception (Lesson 12, 13 & 14) Flashcards

1
Q

Self-Awareness

A

conscious knowledge of one’s character, emotions, values, assumptions, motives, and desired

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2
Q

What does self awareness allow you to do?

A

-see other’s perspectives
-practice self-control
-have pride in yourself
-have general self-esteem

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3
Q

Ways to increase self-awareness:

A

-self-reflection
-introspection
-mindfulness
-meditation

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4
Q

Challenging Yourseld

A

-step beyond your comfort zone and experience new things
-promotes self-discovery and growth

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5
Q

Self-Concept

A

the overall idea of who a person thinks they are (ie. beliefs and values)

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6
Q

Self-knowledge

A

-a dimension of self-concept
-“who am I?”

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7
Q

Self-expectation

A

-a dimension of self-concept
-“who or what do I want to be?”

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8
Q

Self-evaluation

A

-a dimension of self-concept
-“how well do I like myself?”

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9
Q

Social Self

A

-family, friends, coworkers, sports, online presence

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10
Q

Spiritual Self

A

religion, yoga

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11
Q

Material Self

A

heirlooms, mental health

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12
Q

Subjective Self

A

how you describe yourself

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13
Q

Objective Self

A

how others describe you

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14
Q

Why is “tell me about yourself” not constructive?

A

-self-concept is influence by context and personality more than anything

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15
Q

Reflected Appraisal

A

-thoughts from others that feed into our self-concept

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16
Q

Significant Others

A

-those whose reflections we consider essential

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17
Q

Social Comparisons

A

-based on superiority/inferiority and similarity/difference
-how we compare ourselves to other people

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18
Q

Superiority/Inferiority

A

-attractiveness
-intelligence
-athletic ability

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19
Q

Similarities/Differences

A

-age
-personality
-popularity
-interests
-culture

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20
Q

Self-concept is based on ____, ____, and _____

A

attitudes, beliefs, and values

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21
Q

Attitude

A

your immediate disposition toward a concept or an object

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22
Q

Beliefs

A

ideas based on previous experiences and convictions not necessarily logic or fact

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23
Q

Values

A

core concepts and ideas about what we consider good or bad, right or wrong, and what is worth making a sacrifice for

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24
Q

Self-Esteem

A

refers to the judgements and evaluations we make about our self concept

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25
Q

Self-Efficacy

A

people’s judgments about their ability to perform as task within a specific context

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26
Q

Self-discrepancy Theory

A

people have beliefs about and expectations for their actual and potential selves that don’t always match up with what they experience

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27
Q

What makes up self-concept?

A

the different “selves” such as actual, ideal, and ought

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28
Q

Actual Self

A

attributes you or someone else believes you possess

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29
Q

Ideal Self

A

attributes you or someone else would like you to possess

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30
Q

Ought Self

A

attributes you or someone else believes you should possess

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31
Q

Actual vs. Own Ideals

A

we feels we are not obtaining our desires and hope, leading to disappointment, dissatisfaction, and frustration

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32
Q

Actual vs. Others’ Ideals

A

we have an overall feeling that we are not obtaining others’ desires and hopes for us, leads to shame and embarassment

33
Q

Actual vs. Others’ Ought

A

we feel we are not meeting what others see as our duties and obligations, leads to agitation and fear of punishment

34
Q

Actual vs. Own Ought

A

we feel we are not meeting our duties and obligations which can lead to feeling we have fallen short of our moral standards

35
Q

How do social and family influences shape our self-perception?

A

-feedback from others
-extrinsic motivations
-communication patterns (ie. abuse)

36
Q

How does culture affect self-perception?

A

-self-enhancement of our desirable qualities
-competition
-wealth vs. modesty
-race
-gender

37
Q

How does media influence self-perception?

A

-unrealistic standards of beauty
-shows us what is unacceptable, acceptable, valued in society

38
Q

Self-fulfilling Prophecy

A

occurs when your expectation causes something to happen (ie. hearing about a rude colleague and unintentionally causing a rude reaction from them)

39
Q

Self-disclosure

A

the purposeful disclosure of personal information to another person

40
Q

Social Penetration Theory

A

as we get to know someone we engage in a reciprocal process of self-disclosure

41
Q

Social Comparison Theory

A

we evaluate ourselves based on how we compare with others

42
Q

Johari Window

A

-a model that helps to explain and improve self-awareness and self-communication
-uses a four quadrant model to represent aspects of self that are know and unknown to us

43
Q

First Quadrant of Johari Window “Open area”

A

-lower left hand corner
-ideas KNOWN to self and others
-name, hobbies, etc.

44
Q

Second Quadrant of Johari Window “Blind area”

A

-upper left hand corner
-ideas unknown to self but known to others
-gained from perception checking and feedback
-ie. being a pushover but not knowing it

45
Q

Third Quadrant of Johari Window “Unknown area”

A

-upper right-hand corner
-ideas unknown to self and others
-have not happened yet so outcome is unknown
-ie. how you will cope with the loss of a parent who is still living

46
Q

Fourth Quadrant of Johari Window “Hidden area”

A

-lower right hand corner
-known to self but not others
-ie. trauma, insecurities, etc.

47
Q

What are the four categories of self-disclosure?

A

-observations (what we have done and experienced)
-thoughts
-feelings
-needs

48
Q

Self-disclosure Cycle

A

individual self discloses, recipient reacts, reaction is processed by discloser

49
Q

Techniques for avoiding self-disclosure:

A
  1. deception - lying to avoid conflict
  2. equivocate - don’t answer question, restate what they said differently
  3. hint - indirect or face-saving comments
  4. silence
50
Q

3 Categories of Impression Management

A
  1. manner
  2. appearance
  3. setting
51
Q

Manner

A

our words and actions

52
Q

Appearance

A

our clothing, hair, makeup

53
Q

Setting

A

how we decorate homes, offices, cars

54
Q

Perception

A

the process of attending to, organizing, interpreting information via 5 senses

55
Q

Attending

A

1st step of the perception process: selecting the information you want to focus on
ie. extreme, different, repeating, motivated, emotional state

56
Q

Perceptual Organizing

A

how we make sense of something in our brain

57
Q

4 Schemes used to organize perceptions

A
  1. physical construct
  2. social position
  3. behaviour
  4. emotions
58
Q

Interpretation

A

assign meaning to our experiences using mental schemata

59
Q

Factors that Influence Interpretations

A

-personal experience
-involvement
-expectations
-assumptions
-relational satisfaction
-past experiences
-knowledge

60
Q

How do individualistic cultures see self?

A

-independence
-take care of self
-flexible group memberships
-individual achievement awarded
-autonomy, equality

61
Q

How do collectivistic cultures see self?

A

-we; people belong to groups
-family before self
-belong to permanent groups
-group goal contribution
-duty, order, hierarchy

62
Q

What are the influences of gender?

A

gender shapes how others communicate with use due to different expectations and acceptable behaviours

63
Q

What does low self-esteem look like?

A

-need positive experiences to counter negative thoughts
-views life negatively
-unmotivated
-unrealistic expectations
-poor coping
-unhealthy relationships

64
Q

What does high self-esteem look like?

A

-positive thoughts
-assertive when expressing needs/opinions
-secure and honest relationships
-realistic expectations
-resilient in coping

65
Q

Internal Attributions

A

connect the cause of behaviours to personal aspects (ie. personality traits)

66
Q

External Attributions

A

connect the cause of behaviours to situational factors

67
Q

Self-serving Bias

A

-a perceptual error through which we attribute the cause of our successes to internal personal factors while attributing our failures to external factors beyond our control

68
Q

Primary Effect

A

-makes first impressions emduring by leading us to place more value on the first information we learn about a person

69
Q

Recency Effect

A

-puts more weight on most recent impressions of a person’s communication over earlier impressions

70
Q

Physiological Influences of Perception

A

-senses
-age
-health
-hunger
-biological cycles

71
Q

Psychological Influences on Perception

A

-mood
-self-concept

72
Q

Social Influences on Self-perception

A

-sex and gender roles
-occupational roles
-standpoint theory

73
Q

Standpoint Theory

A

states that your perspective is influenced by where you stand

74
Q

Halo Effect

A

occurs when initial positive perceptions lead us to view later interactions as positive

75
Q

Horn Effect

A

occurs when initial negative perceptions lead us to view later interactions as negative

76
Q

Self-fulfilling Prophecies

A

thoughts and action patterns in which a persons’s false belief triggers a behaviour that makes something come true

77
Q

Prejudice

A

negative feelings or attitudes toward people based on their identity

78
Q

Emotional Intelligence

A

ability to understand, use, and manage your emotions positively to relieve stress, communicate, overcome challenges and conflict

79
Q

Perception Checking

A

a strategy to help us monitor our reactions to perceptions about people and communications

HLST 154 - Professional Communication (9 decks)

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