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HLST 154 - Professional Communication > Chapter 4: Nonverbal Communication (Lessons 5 & 6) > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Nonverbal Communication (Lessons 5 & 6) Flashcards

1
Q

Nonverbal Communication

A

generation of meaning using behaviour other than words

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2
Q

Do verbal and nonverbal communication work separately or together?

A

-together, they should be seen as part of the same system

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3
Q

Nonverbal communication tends to communicate _______ more than verbal communication.

A

emotions

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4
Q

No ______ _________ govern nonverbal communication

A

official guides (ie. dictionaries, thesauruses)

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5
Q

___ to ___% of meaning comes from nonverbal cues

A

60-95%

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6
Q

Effects of nonverbal communication

A

-greater success in work and relationships

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7
Q

Vocal Element (Verbal)

A

-element of verbal communication
-spoken words

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8
Q

Paralanguage (Vocal Nonverbal Element)

A

-a vocal element of nonverbal communication
-verbal but not part of the message
-ie. rate, volume, pitch

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9
Q

Nonvocal Verbal Element

A

-element of verbal communication
-using unspoken symbols
-ie. writing and ASL

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10
Q

Nonvocal Nonverbal Element

A

-facial expressions, body language, eye contact, gestures

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11
Q

Nonverbal communication is primarily _____, while verbal communication is primarily ______ based.

A

biological; culturally

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12
Q

Convincing

A

-nonverbal communication is more convincing
-due to spontaneous nature

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13
Q

Continuous

A

-nonverbal communication is continuous
-people interpret you even when you are not speaking

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14
Q

Contextual

A

-nonverbal communication is highly contextual
-meaning depends on situation and interaction

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15
Q

Informally Learned

A

-nonverbal communication is learned by watching others and based off your own interpretations

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16
Q

Involuntary

A

-nonverbal communication is more below our consciousness
-can be difficult to control

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17
Q

Ambiguity

A

-nonverbal communication is ambiguous
-many misunderstandings
-multiple meanings

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18
Q

Credibility

A

-nonverbal communication is more credible
-we trust more of what people do than what they say
-nonverbal communication is harder to fake

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19
Q

Functions of Nonverbals

A

-reinforce meaning
-substitute meaning
-contradict verbal communication
-influence others
-conversational flow
-relational communication
-expressing identity

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20
Q

Technology

A

-nonverbal communication
-visual and vocal dimensions
-enhances communication and understanding

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21
Q

Complementing

A

-nonverbal behaviour paired with the verbal portion of a message
-used to emphasize meaning
-ie. pointing to the door when asking someone to leave

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22
Q

Contradiction

A

-nonverbal contradicts verbal
-mixed messages
-when persistent, hurt credibility
-ie. saying something mean but following it with a wink

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23
Q

Accenting

A

-emphasizing a word or message
-may change the meaning
-ie. gestures, vocalic cues, pauses

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24
Q

Repeating

A

-nonverbal communication that repeats the meaning of verbal communication
-reinforces
-ie. nodding head while saying “yes”

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25
Q

Pitch

A

-cues others into our conversational intentions

26
Q

Rising Pitch

A

-typically indicates a question

27
Q

Falling Pitch

A

-usually indicates closure

28
Q

Eye Contact

A

-conversational flow regulator

29
Q

Leave-Taking Behaviours

A

-nonverbal behaviours used when trying to exit a conversation
-ie. checking time

30
Q

Substituting

A

-when nonverbal substitutes verbal
-language barriers
-communicating with babies
-lost language skills
-when verbal communication is not available
-ie. waving your server down

31
Q

Deception

A

-the intentional act of altering information to influence another person
-extends beyond lying
-includes concealing, omitting, exaggerating
-not always intentionally hurtful

32
Q

Relationships are affected by what 3 nonverbals?

A

-tie signs
-immediacy
-emotional expressions

33
Q

Tie Signs

A

-nonverbal cues that communicate intimacy and signal connection
-ie. wedding rings, tattoos, holding hands

34
Q

Immediacy Behaviours

A

-behaviours that lessen the real or perceived distance between communicators
-ie. smiling, nodding, touch

35
Q

Cultural Influences on Nonverbals

A

-nonverbal language differs from culture to culture
-ie. kissing in France to say Hello

36
Q

Universal Nonverbals

A

-smiling, laughter, crying

37
Q

Kinesics

A

-the study of hand, arm, body, and face movements

38
Q

Body Orientation

A

-the degree to which we face towards or away from someone with our body, feet, and head

39
Q

Posture

A

-the way we carry ourselves

40
Q

Gestures

A

-movement with our arms and hands
-3 types: adaptors, emblems, illustrators

41
Q

Adaptors

A

-touch behaviours and movements
-indicate arousal, anxiety, boredom
-may result when we are not in control of our surroundings
-ie. clicking pen

42
Q

Emblems

A

-gestures with an agreed upon meaning (culturally)
-not formal like ASL
-ie. middle finger

43
Q

Illustrators

A

-most common gestures used to illustrate the verbal message they accompany
-cannot stand independently, don’t typically have meaning
-ie. indicating size/shape of an object

44
Q

SURETY Model

A

Sit
Uncrossed legs and arms
Relax
Eye contract
Touch
Your intuition

45
Q

Haptics

A

-the power of touch
-the study of communication by touch
-several types of touch

46
Q

Vocalics

A

-the study of paralanguage
-includes pitch, volume, intensity, quality, rate

47
Q

Pitch

A

-helps convey meaning
-regulates conversational flow
-communicates the intensity of a message

48
Q

Volume or Intensity

A

-how loudly or softly an individual speaks

49
Q

Speaking Rate

A

-how fast or slow a person talks

50
Q

Tone

A

-controlled with pitch, volume, emphasis

51
Q

Verbal Fillers

A

-sounds that fill in gaps in our speech as we think about what to say next

52
Q

Proxemics

A

-the study of how space and distance influence communication

53
Q

Chronemics

A

-the study of how time affects communication

54
Q

Public Space

A

-3 meters+
-the least personal

55
Q

Social Space

A

-1-3 meters
-professional or casual interactions

56
Q

Personal Space

A

-1.5m or less
-personal bubble

57
Q

Intimate Space

A

-less than 1m
-sometimes comforting sometimes annoying

58
Q

Territoriality

A

-an innate drive to take up and defend spaces

59
Q

Primary Territories

A

-marked or official spaces under our control
-ie. house

60
Q

Secondary Territories

A

-do not belong to us
-not exclusively under control but still available to us when needed
-ie. desks in a classroom

61
Q

Public Territories

A

-open to all people
-use markers to show when in use

62
Q

Personal Presentation

A

-our physical characteristics
-body shape, height, weight, attractiveness
-role in initial impressions

HLST 154 - Professional Communication (9 decks)

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