Chapter 6- Skeleton System Flashcards
T or F, bone is comprised of both minerals and collagen?
True
Name the functions of the skeletal system.
Support, Protection, Movement, Storage, Blood Cell Production
Name the different types of bones categories found in the body?
Long, Short, Flat, Irregular
What is the matrix mostly made of?
The matrix is mostly made of collagen and proteoglycans.
What is the central shaft of a bone called?
Diaphysis
What are the ends of a bone called?
Epiphysis
What will a growing bone contain?
Epiphyseal plate
What is it called when the growth has stopped?
Epiphyseal line
What is the difference between yellow and red bone marrow? When and where is it found?
Yellow bone marrow is mostly fat and red bone marrow contain blood forming cells. Red bone marrow is found in children and when then it changes to yellow bone marrow as the child ages. In adults, red bone marrow is found mostly in the bones of the central axis of the body and the proximal epiphysis of the limb bones.
What are osteoblasts and where are they primarily found?
The surface of the medullary cavity is covered with a thin layer called the endosteum. This is where the osteoblasts are found.
What are the different regions of a typical long bone?
Compact bone and the Cancellous Bone.
What is the structural difference between compact and cancellous bone?
Compact bone forms most of the diaphysis of long bones and the surfaces of all other bones. Cancellous bone is found mostly in epiphysis of long bones and the interior of all other bones.
What is the difference between an osteocyte and an osteoblast?
Osteocyte- a cell of osseous tissue within the bone matrix; a bone cell.
Osteoblast- derived from stem cells.
T or F, only endochondral ossification gives rise to cancellous bone?
False
What are ossification centers?
Ossification centers grow together as bone forms and eventually create bones of the skull.
What are the important functions of bone remodeling?
If the bone doesn’t remodel, then it becomes very heavy.
T or F, the pain associated with a broken bone most arises from the periosteum.
True
What are the four stages of bone repair?
- Clot Formation, 2. Callus Fromation, 3. Callus Ossification, 4. Bone Remodelling.
T or F, a spiral bone break is a complete break of the bone?
True
T or F, the term Fossa is used to describe a hole in the bone, usually for a nerve or blood vessel to travel through?
False, Foramen is used to describe a hole in the bone.
What is the term used to describe a smooth rounded end of a bone usually for an articulation?
Condyle
How many bones are found in the typical human body? How many are found in both the hands and feet?
There are 206 bones in the human body, 54 bones in the hands, and 52 bones in the feet.
The axial skeleton contains which of the following regions?
Skull, vertebra, sacrum, and the ribs
How many bones are used to enclose the cranial cavity?
8
The medical term to best describe the cheek bone is called the?
Zygomatic bone
How many bones comprise to make up the following: cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae?
Cervical: 7, Thoracic: 12, Lumbar: 5
C2 is better known as this bone?
Axis. C1 is Atlas.
What are the roles of the C1 and C2 bones?
C1: holds the skull, and you could nod your head.
C2: you can shake your head.
The Coccyx is more commonly referred to as the ___________ bone?
Tail bone
T or F, ribs 7 to 12 are known as the floating ribs?
False. True Ribs are 1-7, False ribs are 8-11, and Floating Ribs are 11-12.
What is the cartilage called that joins the ribs to the sternum?
Cartilaginous joint
Your arm consists of the following three bones? Which bone is on the same side as your thumb?
Humerous, Radial, and Ulna. The radial bone is on the same side as my thumb.
What bone does the femur contact?
Tibia and Acetabulum
What are the differences between a male and female pelvis?
The males have a heart shaped pelvic inlet and the females have an oval pelvic inlet.
What is the main function of the tibia?
The main function of the tibia is to support the knee.
What bone makes up the heel of the foot?
Phalanges
T or F, the metacarpals are found in the foot?
False, the metacarpals are found in the fingers.
What are the three articulations functionally classified into?
Synarthrosis, Amphiarthrosis, and Diarthrosis.
Articulations can be structurally classified into the three following groups?
Fibrous joint, Cartilaginous joint, and Synovial joint.
What is a fontanel?
Joints between the bones of the skull in an infant.
Your vertebrae are best described as an example of this type of joint?
Cartilaginous joint
Your arm exhibits the following two synovial joints?
Hinge and Pivot joint.
A jumping jack is an example of this type of movement?
Abduction and adduction
Movement so that your palm faces both up and down is best described by these terms?
Pronation and Supination
