Chapter 6: Respiration Flashcards
What is the overall reaction for cellular respiration.
Glucose + oxygen-carbon dioxide + water + ATP
C6H12O6+6O2-6CO2+6H2O+36ATP
What is aerobic cellular respiration?
It requires organisms to acquire O2 and get of rid of CO2
How do cells use ATP?
ATP is essential because it powers nearly every activity that requires energy input in the cell: synthesis DNA, RNA, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.
How does breathing differ from cellular respiration?
The athlete breathes in O2, which enters the bloodstream in the lungs and is distributed to all cells. There, In mitochondria, the O2 participates in the reactions of cellular respiration. Energy-rich ATP is generated from potential energy in food; CO2, a metabolic waste, is exhaled.
How are they related in animals?
In humans and many other animals, O2 from inhaled air diffuses into the bloodstream across the walls of microscopic air sacs in the lungs. The circulatory system carries the inhaled O2 to cells, where gas exchange occurs.
How do plants use aerobic cellular respiration?
Plants incorporate much of the remaining glucose into cellulose, starch, and other stored organic molecules. Therefore, they absorbed much more CO2 in photosynthesis than they release more O2 than they consume.
Compare the three main processes of cellular respiration.
Glycolysis (breaking sugar) a six carbon glucose molecule splits into two three-carbon pyruvate molecules. This processes harvest energy in two forms. First, some electrons from glucose are transferred to an electron carrier molecule called NADH. Second glycolysis generates two molecules of ATP.
The Krebs cycle, oxidize the pyruvate and release CO2. Enzymes rearrange atoms and bonds in ways that transfer the pyruvate’s potential energy and electrons to ATP, NADH, and FADH2
The electron transport chain transfer energy-rich electrons from NADH and FADH2 through a series of membrane proteins. As electrons pass carrier to carrier in the electron transport chain, the energy is used to create a gradient of hydrogen ions.
What happens to the electrons of glucose during respiration?
The pathways of aerobic respiration oxidize ( remove electrons) glucose and reduce (add electrons to) O2. Because of oxygen’s strong attraction for electrons, this reaction is easy, like riding a bike down hill
Define ATP synthase.
It forms a channel in the membrane, releasing the protons and using their potential energy to add phosphate to ADP.
Define matrix.
It is the space enclosed within the inner membrane.
What occurs during glycolysis?
ATP
Where does glycolysis occur?
I’m the cells cytoplasm.
What are the inputs and outputs of glycolysis?
Input glucose
Output 2 pyruvate 3 carbons, 2 ATP, NADH 2 e
What is the role of acetyl-CoA in the Krebs cycle?
Acetyl COA sheds the coenzyme and combines with a four carbon molecule called oxaloacetate. The resulting six-carbon molecule is called citrate.
What is produced in the Krebs Cycle?
The Krebs Cycle produces ATP and Electron Carriers
What occurs during the Krebs cycle?
In the matrix
What are the inputs and outputs of the Krebs Cycle?
Input. Output
0-0~CoA. 4 CO2
2 ADP+2 P. 2 ATP
6 NAD+ + 6H+. 6 NADH
2 FAD +4 H+. 2 FADH2
What is the law of conservation of mass?
No vanishing atoms and reactions rearrange atoms, but they do not destroy them.
What does oxidation means.
Lose electrons or lose a hydrogen atom, which is an electron and a proton.
What does reduction?
Gain electron ( which has a negative charge so the molecule is reduced.
What is aerobic?
The presence of oxygen.
Define cellular respiration?
Harvesting of energy from organic molecules in the presence of oxygen.
What does cellular respiration yields?
CO2, H2O, and a large amount of ATP.
What are the major process of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and Electron transport chain.
What is the Krebs cycle?
It is a series of reactions in which enzymes strips away electrons and H+ from each acetyl group.
What is electron transfer chains?
Series of enzymes and coenzymes.
As one molecule is oxidized, next is reduced.
In electron transport stage, hydrogens from NADH and FADH2 used to produce ATP.
Chemiosmosis produces what?
ATP
Fermentation recycles _______
NAD
Where does the electron transport occur?
In the cristae.
Why do we need ATP?
Without ATP humans can’t eat, breathe, chew etc. for plants without ATP they couldn’t take up nutrients, grow,or produce flowers. In short without ATP we couldn’t do anything
What are the reactants to aerobic respiration? What are the products?
The reactants are glucose and oxygen.
The product is carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
Cellular respiration is for?
Heterotrophs
Trace the movement of oxygen atoms through photosynthesis?
Oxygen atoms are related as a by product waste produce. The oxygen atoms can then be used for respiration.
Majority of the electrons are made during the ?
Electron transport chain.
Discuss the limits of the size of the cell.
Surface to volume ratio: the bigger the a cell is the less surface area there is per unit volume.
