Chapter 6: Respiration

Question 0

What is the overall reaction for cellular respiration.

Answer 0

Glucose + oxygen-carbon dioxide + water + ATP

C6H12O6+6O2-6CO2+6H2O+36ATP

Question 1

What is aerobic cellular respiration?

Answer 1

It requires organisms to acquire O2 and get of rid of CO2

Question 2

How do cells use ATP?

Answer 2

ATP is essential because it powers nearly every activity that requires energy input in the cell: synthesis DNA, RNA, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.

Question 3

How does breathing differ from cellular respiration?

Answer 3

The athlete breathes in O2, which enters the bloodstream in the lungs and is distributed to all cells. There, In mitochondria, the O2 participates in the reactions of cellular respiration. Energy-rich ATP is generated from potential energy in food; CO2, a metabolic waste, is exhaled.

Question 4

How are they related in animals?

Answer 4

In humans and many other animals, O2 from inhaled air diffuses into the bloodstream across the walls of microscopic air sacs in the lungs. The circulatory system carries the inhaled O2 to cells, where gas exchange occurs.

Question 5

How do plants use aerobic cellular respiration?

Answer 5

Plants incorporate much of the remaining glucose into cellulose, starch, and other stored organic molecules. Therefore, they absorbed much more CO2 in photosynthesis than they release more O2 than they consume.

Question 6

Compare the three main processes of cellular respiration.

Answer 6

Glycolysis (breaking sugar) a six carbon glucose molecule splits into two three-carbon pyruvate molecules. This processes harvest energy in two forms. First, some electrons from glucose are transferred to an electron carrier molecule called NADH. Second glycolysis generates two molecules of ATP.

The Krebs cycle, oxidize the pyruvate and release CO2. Enzymes rearrange atoms and bonds in ways that transfer the pyruvate’s potential energy and electrons to ATP, NADH, and FADH2

The electron transport chain transfer energy-rich electrons from NADH and FADH2 through a series of membrane proteins. As electrons pass carrier to carrier in the electron transport chain, the energy is used to create a gradient of hydrogen ions.

Question 7

What happens to the electrons of glucose during respiration?

Answer 7

The pathways of aerobic respiration oxidize ( remove electrons) glucose and reduce (add electrons to) O2. Because of oxygen’s strong attraction for electrons, this reaction is easy, like riding a bike down hill

Question 8

Define ATP synthase.

Answer 8

It forms a channel in the membrane, releasing the protons and using their potential energy to add phosphate to ADP.

Question 9

Define matrix.

Answer 9

It is the space enclosed within the inner membrane.

Question 10

What occurs during glycolysis?

Answer 10

ATP

Question 11

Where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 11

I’m the cells cytoplasm.

Question 12

What are the inputs and outputs of glycolysis?

Answer 12

Input glucose

Output 2 pyruvate 3 carbons, 2 ATP, NADH 2 e

Question 13

What is the role of acetyl-CoA in the Krebs cycle?

Answer 13

Acetyl COA sheds the coenzyme and combines with a four carbon molecule called oxaloacetate. The resulting six-carbon molecule is called citrate.

Question 14

What is produced in the Krebs Cycle?

Answer 14

The Krebs Cycle produces ATP and Electron Carriers

Question 15

What occurs during the Krebs cycle?

Answer 15

In the matrix

Question 16

What are the inputs and outputs of the Krebs Cycle?

Answer 16

Input. Output

0-0~CoA. 4 CO2
2 ADP+2 P. 2 ATP
6 NAD+ + 6H+. 6 NADH
2 FAD +4 H+. 2 FADH2

Question 17

What is the law of conservation of mass?

Answer 17

No vanishing atoms and reactions rearrange atoms, but they do not destroy them.

Question 18

What does oxidation means.

Answer 18

Lose electrons or lose a hydrogen atom, which is an electron and a proton.

Question 19

What does reduction?

Answer 19

Gain electron ( which has a negative charge so the molecule is reduced.

Question 20

What is aerobic?

Answer 20

The presence of oxygen.

Question 21

Define cellular respiration?

Answer 21

Harvesting of energy from organic molecules in the presence of oxygen.

Question 22

What does cellular respiration yields?

Answer 22

CO2, H2O, and a large amount of ATP.

Question 23

What are the major process of cellular respiration?

Answer 23

Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and Electron transport chain.

Question 24

What is the Krebs cycle?

Answer 24

It is a series of reactions in which enzymes strips away electrons and H+ from each acetyl group.

Question 25

What is electron transfer chains?

Answer 25

Series of enzymes and coenzymes.

As one molecule is oxidized, next is reduced.

In electron transport stage, hydrogens from NADH and FADH2 used to produce ATP.

Question 26

Chemiosmosis produces what?

Answer 26

ATP

Question 27

Fermentation recycles _______

Answer 27

NAD

Question 28

Where does the electron transport occur?

Answer 28

In the cristae.

Question 29

Why do we need ATP?

Answer 29

Without ATP humans can’t eat, breathe, chew etc. for plants without ATP they couldn’t take up nutrients, grow,or produce flowers. In short without ATP we couldn’t do anything

Question 30

What are the reactants to aerobic respiration? What are the products?

Answer 30

The reactants are glucose and oxygen.

The product is carbon dioxide, water, and ATP

Question 31

Cellular respiration is for?

Answer 31

Heterotrophs

Question 32

Trace the movement of oxygen atoms through photosynthesis?

Answer 32

Oxygen atoms are related as a by product waste produce. The oxygen atoms can then be used for respiration.

Question 33

Majority of the electrons are made during the ?

Answer 33

Electron transport chain.

Question 34

Discuss the limits of the size of the cell.

Answer 34

Surface to volume ratio: the bigger the a cell is the less surface area there is per unit volume.