Chapter 6 Religion Flashcards
0
Q
Christianity
A
- biggest religion
- predominant in North America South America Europe Australia Africa and Asia
- three branches – Roman Catholic, Protestant, eastern orthodox
- catholic – 51%Latin America North America South America West and southwest Europe Central Africa
- protestant – 24% North America North west Europe and Great Britain
- Eastern orthodox – 11% Eastern And southeast Europe and Russia; collection of 14 self-governing churches and eastern Europe and Middle East, largest is Russian Orthodox Church; largest of nine of the other 13 established in 19 and 20th century is a Romanian church, other churches are Bulgarian Greek and Serbian
- catholic and Protestant have boundaries that run through the middle of countries example Netherlands and Switzerland have equal percentages of both but Catholic in South Protestant and north
1
Q
Universalizing religions
A
- attempt to be global to appeal to all people wherever they may live in the world not just to those of one culture or location
- christianity
- Islam
- buddhism
- only thing is that they have defused from origin hearth
2
Q
Islam
A
- pretty dominant in middle east from north Africa to Central Asia
- Half of world Muslims live in four countries outside Middle East Indonesia Pakistan Bangladesh India
- Shiite and Sunni are the branches
- Shiite- Iran, 16% of Muslims also live in Pakistan Iraq Azerbaijan Oman Bahrain
- Sunni- west Asia except Iran(90% Shiite) North Africa and Indonesia, 83% of Muslims largest branch and most Muslim countries in Southwest Asia and north Africa
- Indonesia largest Muslim population - distinction between the two branches is that shiites more radical
3
Q
Buddhism
A
- China and Southeast Asia (Japan Korea etc.)
- three branches two more popular
- largest Mahayan– dominant branch in China and Japan Korea
- Second Theravadists- Cambodia Laos Myanmar Sri Lanka Thailand
- third vajrahana-Tibet Mongolia
- buddhism in US crossed over with the new age type of mindset
- all about self practice because no control place or text
- crossed over with other religions
- hard to get an account because functions performed primarily by monks rather than public
- hard to get a count because a Buddhist can be both a believer in other eastern religions where as Christianity and Islam require exclusive adherence
4
Q
Other universalizing religions
A
- 2 others- Sikhism and Bahai
- Sikhism- first guru Nanak, only God is perfect but people have continual improvement by taking responsibility and actions on earth; Scientology; becoming clear, clustered in Punjab region of India; most important ceremony is emirate where they declare they will uphold the principles of the faith; men wear turbans never cut hair
- Bahai - more recent, founded by Shiraz Iran in many countries primarily Africa and Asia more to do with unity coming together ignoring of races and culture becoming one world
5
Q
Dalai Lama reincarnation
A
- keeps reincarnating after one dies
6
Q
China and Tibet
A
- China invaded the rugged isolated country in 1950. And installed a communist government
- tried to produce Buddhism by tearing down temples
- farmers forced to join agricultural communes unsuitable for their styles
- after failed uprising China executed and imprisoned thousands including Dalai Lama immigrate
- recently China has built new roads and powerplants
- now tries to give back
- they did what they did to the country because the presence of strong religion conflict did with the Chinese government
- this is one example of the impact of religion
7
Q
Ethnic religions
A
-appeal primarily to one group of people living in one place
-
8
Q
Statistical counts
A
- controversial because no official count of religious membership is taken in the US or in many countries
- approximately 58% of the world is practicing a universalizing religion 26% and I think 16% no religion
- christianity has two .1 billion adherence Muslims one .5 billion Buddhists 376 million
- hinduism 900 million 3rd most popular religion
9
Q
Hinduism
A
- in India based on environment there that is why it has stayed there
- third most popular religion largest number of adherents for an ethnic religion
- 90% concentrated in India rest in Bangladesh and Nepal
- allegiance to particular God with in broad range of possibilities
- manifestation of God with largest adherence is vaishnavism. Second sivaism
10
Q
Nonreligious
A
- atheism – belief that God does not exist
- agnosticism- belief that nothing can be known about whether God exists
11
Q
Three principal universalizing religions divided into what
Branch
Denomination
Sect
A
- branch denomination sects
- branch – large and fundamental division within a religion
- denomination – division of a branch that unites a number of a local congregations in a single legal and administrative body
- sect- relatively small group that has broken away from an established denomination
12
Q
Christianity and Western Hemisphere
A
- nearly 90% are Christians
- Roman Catholic 93% of Christians in Latin America 40% in North America
- in North America Roman Catholics clustered in South west and north east and go back
- baptist churches have the largest number of adherents in the US in south east
- lutherans and upper Midwest
13
Q
Other Christians
A
- isolated
- two small Christian churches survive and North East Africa Coptic Church of Egypt and Ethiopian church
- Armenian church originated in Syria important and diffusing Christianity to South Asia and East Asia
- Maronites other example of small Christian sect clustered in Lebanon which has suffered long Civil War thought among religious groups
- NUS Mormons regard to our church as separate from other branches of Christianity clustered in Utah
14
Q
Islam in Europe and North America
A
- fastest growing religion in europe
- presence in US called nation of Islam or black muscles – African-American muscles
- one of the larger groups of religions in US of a small portion
- France has largest Muslim population in Europe about 4 million because of immigration from predominate Muslim colonies and north Africa
- Germany also has large amount because of immigration from Turkey
- also in Europe Albania Bosnia and Serbia have a large amount
- muslims in US come from variety of backgrounds
- Mohammed – messenger of Allah
- tension between Mohammed and a black muscle minister Malcolm X divided the sec
15
Q
Other Asian ethnic religions
A
- Chinese traditional religions are syncretic- they combine several traditions
- Chinese traditional religion combination of Buddhism with Confucianism taoism and other traditional Chinese practices
- confucianism-Confucius was philosopher and teacher in Chinese province of Lu, described series of principles for orderly conduct of daily life like following traditions fulfilling obligations treating others with sympathy and respect; be better behaving yourself
- Taoism- organized by Lao- Zi, emphasize mystical and magical aspects of life rather than importance of public service like Confucius. Way of life cannot be comprehended by reason and knowledge because not everything is knowable; public services
16
Q
Primal indigenous religions
A
- most in southeast Asia or South Pacific islands
- Little known because written documents not come down from ancestors
- religious rituals passed from one generation to the next by word-of-mouth
- followers believe that because God dwells within all things everything and major is spiritual
- quoted in this group are shamanism and paganism
- shamanism-invisible forces or spirits affect the lives of living things
- paganism-used to refer to the practices of ancient people like the Greeks and Romans who have multiple gods with human forms
17
Q
Juchte
A
- most North Koreans self-reliance
- rather than religion regarded as government ideology or philosophy
18
Q
African traditional
A
- follow traditional ethnic religion sometimes called animism – believe that in animate objects such as plants and stones or natural events like thunderstorms and earthquakes are animated or have discrete spirits and conscious life
- based on monotheistic concepts
19
Q
Spiritism
A
Belief that human personality continues to exist after death and can communicate with the living through agency of medium or psychic
-Brazil
20
Q
Judaism
A
- US and Israel
- first recorded religion to espoes monotheism – belief that there is only one God
- sharp contrast to polytheism – practiced by neighboring people who worship collection of gods
- christianity and Islam find some of their roots in Judaism
- Abraham consider patriarch or father of Judaism
- large Jewish population that has spread so looks like universalizing but it is ethnic
- persecution has made the move
- 14 million worldwide
21
Q
Three largest universalizing religions pretty domination and Hindu
A
- christianity – Europe North America Latin America
- Islam – southeast Asia Central and Southwest Asia and north Africa
- buddhism – East Asia
- Hindu – South Asia
22
Q
Origin of Buddhism
A
- Sigarthma Gautama
- Born In Nepal into privileged life but left that behind and went on journey into woods for six years
- before going to the woods he went on 4 trips
- decrepit old man
- Disease ridden man
- Corpse
- Monk who taught him about with drawl from the world
- emerged as enlightened one called Buddha
- four pillars of truth
- one – suffering is universal
- two – desire to live causes suffering leads to reincarnation
- three – Goal of all existence is to escape suffering by eliminating desire and cycle by going into Nirvana achieved by mental and moral self purify
- four – attain Ivana through eight fold path(righteousness of belief resolve the speech action livelihood effort thought meditation)
