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AP HUMAN > Ch.4 Fold And Pop Cultute > Flashcards

Ch.4 Fold And Pop Cultute Flashcards

0
Q

Custom

A

Repetition of an act to the extent that it becomes characteristic of the group of people performing the act
-A habit that has been widely adopted by a group of people

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1
Q

Habit

A
  • Repetitive is the act performed by one individual

- Has not been adopted by most of the population societ

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2
Q

Folk culture

A
  • isolated
  • small group
  • relocation diffusion
  • lack technology and communication
  • heterogeneous proportion of the rest of the society
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3
Q

Pop-culture

A
  • large groups dispersed
  • Heirarchical diffusion
  • spreads through technology
  • more homogeneous
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4
Q

Religion

A
  • can be isolated within one small region
  • ex. In region of Himalayas four different types of religion
  • most animism found in Africa
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5
Q

Music

A
  • folk music tell story about environment lifestyle etc.

- pop music doesn’t tell story they are all similar

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6
Q

Modern folk culture

A
  • Top example the Amish
  • less developed by American standards
  • beliefs and skills passed down
  • personal choice
  • this personal choice of continuing the Amish is so ingrained that they don’t give into popular culture
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7
Q

Modern pop culture

A
  • top example clothing. Jeans
  • can go anywhere and find blue jeans and a the shirt in every country
  • that’s because we in US go to other countries best example military
  • spread technology
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8
Q

Folk clothing

A
  • environment or what’s there
  • Dutch clogs for wetness
  • fur boots for cold
  • can also be based on religion
  • women in southwest Asia and North Africa wear Muslim outfits and discouraged form western style
  • women in europe discouraged to wear Muslim wear
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9
Q

Pop clothing

A
  • determined by occupation and income
  • people in medicine wear scrubs
  • not determined by environment but trends
  • athletes wear uniforms
  • income – jeans or other types of clothing
  • you can pay $300 or $15 for a pair jeans
  • The only thing that differs between two products is the branding-Nike Ray-Ban’s true religion
  • if you have more money you can spend it updating your wardrobe more frequently
  • close made in Paris and Milan manufactured by Asia and sent to NA quickly
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10
Q

Folk food

A
  • ever you can grow there
  • Asia – rice
  • Europe quick frying food fuel shortage
  • North Europe use wood
  • Asia – soybeans take long time so take out what they can
  • can be influenced by religion and culture as well
  • in folk cultures certain foods are eaten because their natural properties are perceived to enhance qualities desirable by society
  • example Paraguay it’s Jack wires and Staggs and bulls to make them strong and brave. Hens and tortoises make them coward
  • Japan avoid otters forgetful animals memory loss
  • Chad woman don’t eat chicken or goat before becoming pregnant. Animals cause childbirth pain and child abnormal. Avoid antelopes with twisted horns deformity
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11
Q

Pop food

A
  • regional differences
  • alcohol
    • not high in Utah Mormons don’t have it because of the religious taboo. Hi in Nevada because of gambling
    • South Baptist taboo against alcohol
  • South prefers tortilla chips because of Hispanic culture in Southwest
  • influenced more by cultural than environmental
  • Cola preferences influenced by politics in Russia
  • under communism government may deal with Pepsi after and of communism Russians changed to coke
  • muslims band products so preferred Pepsi
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12
Q

Pop-culture wine

A
  • Best example of terrior
  • Earth affects the way that the product case
  • well near Mediterranean and California Italy and France where it is moderately cold winters and hot summers
  • topography – hillside, or near lake
  • soil – affects the product, coarse and well drained
  • distribution of wine production shows that diffusion of popular custom depends less on environment them on beliefs and material traits to excepting those customs
  • Wind made where people are good at making it and can afford it
  • discouraged and regions of the world dominated by religions other than Christianity
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13
Q

Folk houses

A
  • what’s around you would in East Clay in Southwest America
  • sacred space
    • Thailand houses cannot be linear
    • Laos – feet are dirt, Orient furniture where feet face feet of neighbors. If children live close to parents was face in respect
    • three historical folk houses in US
      • mid Atlantic
      • New England
      • Low Chesapeake
  • would preferred for houses easy to build with
  • brick in hot dry climates
  • all houses in region of china can use same building material and same objective, but have different designs
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14
Q

Pop-culture houses

A
  • Houses used to be Folk but now all suburban

- all personal choice

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15
Q

Name the US house types and in the air as they occurred in

A
  • modern
    • minimal traditional 1935–1950
    • ranch 1935–1975
      - contemporary 1940–1980
    • split level 1955–1975
      - shed 1960- present
  • Neo eclectic
    • mansard 1960 – present
    • Neo Tudor 1965 – present
    • Neo colonial 1950 – present
      - Neo French 1970 – present
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16
Q

X material culture

A

A collection of social customs produces a groups material culture example jeans represent American informality and a badge of youth

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17
Q

Difference between culture and customs

A

-custom used to denote a specific element of material culture such as wearing jeans where as culture refers to the groups entire collection of customs

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18
Q

Two locations have some more cultural beliefs of objects and intuitions because people can bring their culture when they migrate. Difference emerges when 2 groups have limited interaction one mountain and another and Himalayas

A

H

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19
Q

The two basic factors that help explain different distributions of popular and folk cultures

A

Process of origin and pattern of diffusion

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20
Q

Origin

A
  • folk culture has anonymous hearths anonymous sources unknown date multiple hearths
  • pop-culture most often product of developed countries. Traceable to specific person or corporation
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21
Q

Pop music

A
  • originated around 1900
  • at that time made popular music entertainment in North America and Europe was the variety show music Hall in UK and vaudeville US
  • music iindustry was developed in New York called Tinpan Alley to provide songs for music Hall and vaudeville
  • written by specific person for purpose of being sold
  • technical skill and manipulation
  • pop musicians have more connections with performers of similar styles
  • now with globalization of pop music musicians less tied to the culture of particular places and instead increasingly clustered in communities where other creative artists stay regardless of particular style
  • in US New York and lost Angeles attract largest number of musicians
  • Nashville has largest concentration of musicians on the number of musicians there is compared to a much smaller population van in New York and Los Angeles
  • Nashville contains country and gospel
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22
Q

Industrial technology

A

Allows uniformly production of objects in large quantities example iPods T-shirts pizzas
-leisure time has increased as a result of the widespread change in the labor force from agricultural work to manufacturing and service

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23
Q

Diffusion of pop music

A
  • Began in the 1940s when Armed Forces radio broadcast of music to American soldiers who were fighting in World War II
  • Western dance music especially techno music and house music diffused from US to Europe
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24
Q

Distribution

A
  • principal obstacle to access his lack of income
  • combination of local physical and cultural factors influence distributions of full culture
  • example and Himalayas distinctive use physical environment emerge among neighbor and cultural groups that are isolated
  • buddhists in the north, Hindus in the south ,Muslims in the west, animists in South East Asia
  • folk customs are influenced by cultural institutions like religion and by environment like climate landforms vegetation
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25
Q

Buddhists

A

North
paint divine figures like months and Saints
Figures bizarre or terrifying reflecting in hospitable environment

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26
Q

Hindus

A
  • South
  • scenes from every day life
  • sometimes portray deity in domestic scene and the present regions violent and extreme climate
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27
Q

Muslims

A
  • West
  • show beautiful plants and flowers because Muslim faith prohibits displaying animate objects
  • do not depict harsh climate
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28
Q

Animists

A
  • southeast Asia Myanmar

- symbols and designs that derived from the religion rather than from environment

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29
Q

Folk Music invention

A
  • Chinese legend invented when temper sent someone to cut bamboo poles that would produce sound matching the call of the Phoenix bird
  • in reality folksongs usually originate anonymously and are transmitted orally
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30
Q

Landscape of music map

A

Musicians who styles are closely related or depicted as inhabiting the same region

31
Q

Soccer origin

A
  • originated as folk customs in England
  • originated after Danish invasion when workers kicked around a Danish soldiers head
  • boys imitated it with inflated cow bladder
  • early football games resembled mob scenes
  • banned from England by kin Henry, then legalized by king James, folk custom rather than global
32
Q

Soccer diffusion

A
  • recreation clubs founded in United Kingdom
  • with more leisure time, people able to watch, bout tickets, people made professional teams
  • organization of sport into formal structure marks transition from folk to pop culture
  • football diffused first to continental Europe, then other countries
  • Netherlands- Dutch students returning from studies in uk first to play continental
  • spain- miners adopted after seeing English engineers
  • Russia- English manager of factory organized factory team
33
Q

Olympic sports

A
  • to be in summer Olympics, has to be practiced in 75 countries and four continents(50 for women)
  • includes 28 sports, not baseball and American football
34
Q

Surviving folk sports

A
  • cricket in uk South Asia
  • martial arts in china wushu
  • baseball in NA and japan after soldiers brought it to japan during WW2
  • Australia has football sport district from football played in North America and canada
35
Q

Among the connections that Thai people to a certain environment one of the most holding is food supply clothing and weapons are more subject to modification then the dietary regimen

A

H

36
Q

Taboo

A

Restriction on behavior imposed by social customs

  • especially strong in area of food
  • May set taboos to protect animals
  • well known found in bible
  • ancient Hebrews not allowed to eat a lot because pastoral nomads
  • Muslims no pork, pigs compete with animals,
  • Hindu no cattle need them for plowing
  • Christians less tied to taboos
37
Q

Regional differences in pop food and US

A
  • can look at social media
  • can make preference on what is produced there
  • example one high in California where production is concentrated beer low
  • beer and spirits high in the mid west where grain is grown one low few grapes
  • South prefers pork rinds pork raised their North prefers popcorn and potato chips because corn and potatoes grown there
38
Q

Kashgar
Tupran
Yinchuan
Dunghuan

A

K- second floor open patio
T-small open courtyards
Y- built around large open air courtyards
D- central courtyards

39
Q

Mid Atlantic
Low Chesapeake
New England

A

M- I-house 2 stories
L- 1 story steep roof and chimneys
N- box shaped
All started in northeast diffused westward

40
Q

Fieldwork

A

Regarded as important method since development of geography

  • geographer coughs amount of something in area like type of house
  • differences in housing differ in time period
41
Q

The Amish

A
  • make choice, have desire to succeed

- brainwash children, if not culture would die

42
Q

India marriage and women

A
  • thus is not saying that when pop culture comes, women are subservient to men, just maybe in some small areas
  • dowries- if you can’t supply dowries, can be put on street
  • 3 Cs not really like that any more due to development
43
Q

Pop culture has done what to environment

A
  • increase need for resources,pollution
44
Q

Increase need for resources in pop culteu

A
  • oil in us and other mdcs
  • more use of patrollim
  • resources going down
  • we can use electricity, ethanol, solar, algae for car gas instead
  • we keep using oil for cars because of government lobby’s.
    • ## lobby’s are groups that have money that fund politicians, so politicians vote for laws that support oil
45
Q

Trying to recycle in pop culture

A
  • glass
  • a paper
  • plastic
  • aluminum
  • most pop way is leave on curb
  • deposit- go to grocery, buy beer and aluminum cans for more money and return them for money back
  • drop off and pick up- large scrap metal
46
Q

Animals

A
  • pop culture increases demand for animal skin
  • we can be using grain to feed people, but using them to feed animals
  • eating animals on causing decree, can just raise more
  • endangered species used for fur
  • all human desire
47
Q

leisure time

A
  • time you can choose what you want to do
  • key concept in pop culture -
  • in folk culture, you don’t have leisure time
  • watching tv
  • social media
  • movies
  • traveling
48
Q

tv

A
  • 1939- worlds fair tv displayed 1st time
  • 1954- rich people had tv(us canada)
  • diffusion very slow
  • 1970- U.S. Canada most of Europe
  • 2005- pretty much everyone
  • now we don’t need a tv to watch tv
49
Q

Internet

A
  • 1st debuted 1995
  • everyone has one now
  • much faster diffusion
  • countries more developed can diffuse faster
  • in beginning, Internet can through phone line very slow
  • phone had already happened, so info structure already there, so diffusion of Internet faster than tv
  • tv completely new idea
50
Q

social media

A
  • MySpace first
  • Facebook
    • first theater at college students, made in 2004 by Harvard students
  • Twitter
    • Instagram
    • both insta and Twitter have taken over Facebook and social media
51
Q

news

A
  • no secrets
  • we dominate in world in entertainment
  • news comes mainly from Britain and us
  • westernized slant
  • almost all need going to be someone else’s opinion on events and facts
52
Q

AP and Reuters

A
  • both global media output for news
  • associative press
  • diffusion of information to newspapers around the world is dominated by these which are owned by American and British companies
  • supply most of worlds television news video
53
Q

principal obstacle to popular culture

A

lack of access to electronic media because of lack of income and some developing countries access is also limited by lack of electricity and other electronic media

54
Q

world’s most important media format and why it is important to pop culture

A

TV most popular leisure time most important mechanism to defuse pop-culture like sports

55
Q

diffusion of TV

A
  • early 20th century – multiple hearths-TV developed simultaneous in UK France Germany Japan Soviet Union US
  • mid 20th- us dominates-1954 first year that United Nations published data on subject US had 86% of world TV sets
  • late 20th century – to Europe – rapid growth in Europe US declined still half of countries had little TV
  • early 21st-century near universal access many developed countries had TV diminishing differences
56
Q

what is watched in each continent

A
  • North America – sports
  • reality – Europe China
  • fictional – South Asia
  • News – Russia
57
Q

diffusion of Internet

A
  • 1995- us mostly not yet reached other countries
  • 1995-2000- increase in us, diffused worldwide rapidly, us decline compared to rest of world
  • 2000-2011- increase in us, more modest than rest of world
58
Q

Amish

A
  • making choice desire to continue traditions

- brainwash children if not Amish would die out

59
Q

idia marriage and women

A
  • this is not saying that when PPP culture comes women subservient to men
  • dowries- if you can’t supply dowries, can be put on street
  • global diffusion of pop has led to some subservience of women in folk cultures but not all
  • prostituion increased in developing countries to serve in dev. countries
  • sex tours encouraged in some countries as major source of foreign currency
  • dowries given from man to women fam but recently women to men fam
  • gov tried to enact anti dowry laws but never worked
  • women have been killed because of inability to give dowries
60
Q

changing of gender roles

A

3 cs not really like that now

61
Q

pop need for resources

A
  • need for natural resources increase, oil in us
  • mdc use more of patrolium
  • resources go down
  • we can use electricity ethanol solar and algae for car gas
  • we keep using oils because of gov. Lobbys- groups that have money that fund politicians so politicans vote for laws that support oil
62
Q

Pop culture pollution and recycling

A
  • glass, paper, plastic, aluminum
  • most PPP way is to leave on curb
  • deport- go to grocery, get beer and aluminum cans for more, send back get money back
  • drop off and pick up- large scrap metal
  • make product a to product b
63
Q

animals

A
  • demonstrates animal products
  • we could feed grains to actual people, but instead give to animals
  • meat eating doesn’t decrease resources, because we can raise more
  • endangered species for fur
  • all human desire
64
Q

Amish origin and distribution

A
  • originated in Switzerland
  • in Europe, Amish didn’t develop distinctive customs
  • migrated to NA in 2 waves
    1. settled in Pennsylvania by penns lower prices
    2. settled in Ohio Illinois Iowa and Ontario for cheap land
  • Ohio and penn far from eachother but still share traditions
  • continues to diffuse inter regional
  • leave from Lancaster county penn to Kentucky because of land for sons and escape tourists
65
Q

pop ruining environment

A
  • hurting to enhance leisure participation

- pollution and depletion of goods

66
Q

pollution

A
  • pop culture modifies with little regard to environment
  • hills flattened, water drained
  • distribution of pop culture produces more uniform landscape
  • one location similar to other
  • want product recognition
  • ex fast food restaurants around world
  • franchises
  • depends on mobility- people who travel to another city recognize
  • fast food originally developed for cars
  • appearance similar so that both residents and visitors recognize
  • most customers local who want to sample american customs
  • golf courses not distributed uniformly
  • highest in north central states bc tradition of golf and clubs
  • limited in south and middle Atlantic, growth in selected southern and western(sc, florida, Arizona)
  • originated as part of folk culture
  • Pop culture generates high waste
  • most visible is solid
  • folk can also cause envir. damage
  • high rates of soil erosion in Central America bc of folk culture
  • golf early in Scotland
  • golf more modified now than b4
67
Q

resource depletion

A
  • folk culture can also ask for animal skin but smaller scale
  • unwanted byproducts usually thrown away
  • recycling
  • cub side
  • drop off center- you can take stuff to place
  • buyback- some pay consumers for recyclable material
  • deposit- glass aluminum get money back
  • manufacturing
  • paper- most types can be recycled, collect large quantities of clean, well sorted
  • plastic- different types can’t be mixed , developed system to tell difference
  • glass- efficient, unbroken clear- valuable, colorful- useless, broken- hard to sort
  • aluminum- beverages cans
68
Q

four major manufacturing sectors

A

paper mill
steel mill
plastic converters
iron and steel foundries

69
Q

how long did diffusion of TV and Internet take

A

TV half a century Internet decade

70
Q

first and second leading Twitter country

A

US first India seconds

71
Q

threat to folk culture

A
  • can be external or internal
  • external is that most of content diffused through electronic media origin aids in developed countries
  • internal threat is that latest forms of social media enable people in developing countries to originate the content themselves as long as they can afford it
72
Q

external threat

A
  • Japan UK US dominate television industry in developing countries. and major exporters of programs
  • many developing countries view control of TV by developed countries especially US as a new method of economic and cultural imperialism
  • American TV presents American beliefs like social freedom for women use and violence thesecreate conflict for folk culture
  • some countries block some channels and replace them
  • News media in developing countries do not have money for local stations so pay for dispatches of the main news organizations
  • AP and routers
  • developing countries are supplied news from developed countries like Britain and United States
  • African and Asian government criticizes Western concept of freedom of press
  • it reflects Americans values and does not provide balanced view of other countries
  • talks about whether not meaningful information of other countries
73
Q

internal threat-social media

A
  • Government cannot block what developing countries do on social media and see and create
  • although many governments do you TV as important tool for fostering cultural integration
  • TV can praise the exploits of the leaders or accomplishments of political system people turn on TV and watch what gov wants them to see
  • changing tech has made TV a force for political change
  • satellites and Internet allow people to choose programs from other countries
  • Government has little success shutting down satellite
  • Chinese can still smuggle satellites and split the cost with neighbors
  • countries limit for types of Internet content
  • more difficult to block individual social media
  • there have been a prizes in countries through info on phones Twitter and blogs
74
Q

The four types of Internet content countries try to limit access to

A
  1. political content that expresses views in opposition to those of current government like human rights freedom of expression minority religious
  2. social content like sexuality gambling drugs and alcohol
  3. security like Armed Forces border separatist movements and militant groups
  4. Internet tools email Internet hosting searching

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