Chapter 6 - Race and Ethnicity

Question 1

differentiate between race and ethnicity

Answer 1

Race - a social distinction based on perceived physical or biological characteristics

Ethnicity - rooted in cultural differences such as language, religion, and the shared history among people

Question 2

__________ views that race and ethnicity are natural and permanent

Answer 2

essentialism

Question 3

essentialism arugues that _______ element makes a person part of a specific race or ethnic group

Answer 3

essential/inherent

Question 4

why does essentialism beleive that ethnic groups or nationalities exist

Answer 4

Ethnic groups and nationalities exist because they are based on biological factors in a territorial location

Question 5

essenlialism relies on ________ - members of an ethnic pr racial group have same characteristics, origins or blood relationship

Answer 5

kinship

Question 6

criticism of essentilalism

Answer 6

esn’t account for changes in beliefs in ethnic groups or races

Question 7

Ethnicity and race are both ________ constructed

Answer 7

socially

Question 8

what did Berger and Luckman think our knowledge is maintained by

Answer 8

social interactions - when we interact common knowledge of reality becomes reinforces, and out ideas of deviance and socially constructed

Question 9

constructionists argue that categories are not ________ but created within society

Answer 9

natural

Question 10

why cant genetic testing determine race

Answer 10

we char 99.9% of genetics

Question 10

why cant genetic testing determine race

Answer 10

we char 99.9% of genetics

Within group variation is much larger that between group variation

Question 11

critique od essentialism: definitions of races have changed over______ and across ______

Answer 11

time

cultures

Question 12

what does Mary C. Waters say about “optional ethnicities”

Answer 12

White people in the US have the abilities to select the ethnic label they would like to claim or to claim no ethnic label at all
eg. White people can celebrate Oktoberfest but ignore holidays and traditions

visible minorities cannnot

Question 13

______ ethnicity - individual label that had little cost for the individual

Answer 13

symbolic

Question 14

_________ ___________ highlights the ways that the social categories we consider natural unchanging, such as race and ethnicity are in fact socially created

Answer 14

social consrution

Question 15

social construction helps us understand what

Answer 15

Helps us understand norms, rules and categories
That there is no biological basis for racial categories and they change over time

Question 16

what is the thomas princeple

Answer 16

the idea that social construction have real consequences

If people define situations as real, then they are real in their consequences”
Racism is a real consequence of our socially constructed idea about race

Question 17

______ - “organised system of race-based group privilege that operated at every level of society and is held together by a sophisticated idea of colour or ‘race; supremacy”

Answer 17

racism

Question 18

racism leads to both ______ and _______

Answer 18

priviledges and sanctions

Question 19

_______ _______- canadian term of ethnicity referring to the Indigenous people who are neither Inuit or Metis

Answer 19

frist nations

Question 20

what outlined whom the govvy of canada deemed to be “indian” people and state that the government could regulate many aspects of their lives

Answer 20

The indian act of 1876

Question 21

what are the consequences of the indan act and residential schools

Answer 21

long-term inequality experienced by indigenous people
Income consistently lower over time
More poverty
Those who like on reserve are much more likely to be poor
Poor conditions on reserve

Question 22

________ ______ refers to ethnicity that is individualistic in anture and without real social cost for the individual

Answer 22

symbolic ethnicity

Question 23

what three things are used nny colonialism to divert attention away from decolonizing

Answer 23

rights
reconcilliation
resources

Question 24

from rights to _____

Answer 24

responsibilities

Question 25

from reconcilliation to _______

Answer 25

resurgence

Question 26

_______ is a negative attitude towaard seomone based soely on his membership in a group

Answer 26

prejudice

Question 27

_______ is the negatice or positive treatment of someone due to someone's memebrship in a group

Answer 27

discrimination

Question 28

interested in prejudice increased after what

Answer 28

WW2 due to anti-semitism

Question 29

Thodore W Adorno argues that people with a certain personalisty type _________ _________, are more likely to be prejudice

Answer 29

authoritarian personalisty

Question 30

what is the worls values survey

Answer 30

international survey that askes ppl about their lives, values and pli opinions

Question 31

what is contact theory

Answer 31

predicts that increasing contact between atagonistic groups will lead to a growinf recognition of simlaritirs and alter stereotypes

Question 32

how does canada decide which immigrants to accpet

Answer 32

point system

Question 33

what is multi culturalim

Answer 33

political framework that promotes cultural differende as an integral component of society

Question 34

John Porter used the term ______ ________ to convey the concept that Canada is a mosaic of different ethnic, language, regional and religious groupings unequal in status and power..

Answer 34

verticle mosaic

Question 35

what does realistic conflict theory state

Answer 35

prejudoce stems from social groups' competition for values resources or opportunities

Question 36

____ _____ is group of people who share a physical territory and govvy, although they may not share same ethnicity, language or history

Answer 36

nations state

Question 37

what 4 ideas are proposed by critical race theory

Answer 37

racism is not rare in society - it is built into our institutions somepoeple benenift fomr racism - those are the ones who implimented the institutional racism races and racism are social contructions intersectionality

Question 38

finifh the quote "where we start....

Answer 38

depends on the story we want to tell

Question 39

“A condition and a process in which preferential access to the good things in life is not randomly distributed, but patterned around those human differences that are defined as socially significant” what is this reflecting

Answer 39

social inequality

Question 40

Since these diff outcomes are not random, it follows that they may be explained by some ______ factor

Answer 40

causal

Question 41

what is the diff bet race and ethnicity

Answer 41

The modern concept of race is rooted in a history of hierarchy and subordination, whilst ethnicity is not

Question 42

what do maco, meso and micro each foucs on

Answer 42

Macro -eg. systems and hierarchies Meso - groups, organisation, subcultures Micro - individuals and their interaction

Question 43

When on a macro level things are _____________, they atart to trickle down into meso and micro (social constructs)

Answer 43

integrated/normalised

Question 44

All knowledges built into constructs and integrated in everyday life, upheld by social interactions are considered

Answer 44

social construction

Question 45

what does social construction say abour interaction

Answer 45

When people interact, they do so with the understanding that their respective perceptions of reality are related to one another. And, when we are interacting together, our common knowledge of reality becomes reinforced

Question 46

“If [people] define situations as real, then they are real in their consequences.” For example these are social constructs that aren't actually real in a physical sense still have major social impacts Money Borders Adulthood Race? this reflect what

Answer 46

The Thomas Theorem

Question 47

______ _________ refers to how this system operates at the “macro” level of society, often beyond psychological bias and prejudice

Answer 47

systemic racism

Question 48

McIntosh describes ______ ______as: “An invisible package of unearned assets that I can count on cashing in each day, but about which I was ‘meant’ to remain obvious.

Answer 48

white priviledge

Question 49

White privilege is like an invisible weightless _______ of special provisions, maps, passports, codebooks, visas, clothes, tools, and blank checks.

Answer 49

knapsack

Question 50

when someone has an _________ _______ its Not just holding prejudiced attitudes, but susceptibility to prejudice

Answer 50

authoritatrian

Question 51

People hold ______ beliefs… maybe even from themselves ppl hold beliefs they don't _______, sometimes racists ideologies

Answer 51

secret recognize

Question 52

what is Realistic Conflict Theory

Answer 52

Group competition over scarce resources will generate negative social views toward the out-group

Question 53

what is contact theory

Answer 53

Increased contact between antagonistic groups may lead to growing recognition of similarities Not enough to be in coexistence, must be working together for a common goal When you ge to know someone, prejudice tends to fade away

Question 54

what was the robbers cave experiment for

Answer 54

To test realistic contact theory - intergroup conflict, stereotypes and prejudices His idea - conflict arises when competing for limited resources Subjects - children, didn't know each other, similar backgrounds Two groups formed, eagles and rattlers

Question 55

what happened in the robbers cave experiment

Answer 55

Encouraged to bond at first - competitions arrages Aggression started occurring between groups, verbally at first and escalated to physical eagles won after , they are told to judge each other, and give bad description of opp, and esteemed of their own The kids come together as allies with a common goal Thus, they demonstrated realistic contact theeory - simple coexistence did not eliminate prejudices, whilst working together did

Question 56

Describe vs diagnose

Answer 56

describe is the facts, diagnose is what's at the root of the issue

Question 57

Why are some countries not able to develop linearly

Answer 57

- the stages (traditional, preconditions for take off, take off,...etc) Who ever is developed, historically, is there for a reason We have to account why exploitation in history has affected countries ability to develop styll

Question 58

_________ is a policy or practice in which political power from one territory exerts control over another territory, occupies it with settlers, and exploits it economically.

Answer 58

colonialism

Question 59

what is settler colonialism

Answer 59

an ongoing system of power that perpetuates the genocide and repression of indigenous peoples and cultures. Essentially hegemonic in scope, settler colonialism normalizes the continuous settler occupation, exploiting lands and resources to which indigenous peoples have genealogical relationships.

Question 60

what were there early relations of indigenous ppl and the settlers

Answer 60

trading relationships

Question 61

Royal Proclamation of 1763 claimed what

Answer 61

sovereignty over so called “Indian” people

Question 62

what sought to assimilate and regulate Indigenous Peoples Still exists today with very racist implications

Answer 62

Indian act

Question 63

what did the indian act lead to

Answer 63

residential schools

Question 64

explain how we cna use our three sociological tools to combat colonializm

Answer 64

Descriptions: Critical analysis of “damage" wrought by colonization Diagnosis: Colonizers’ thirst for land Denial: “no history of colonialism” — PM Harper “Politics of distraction” and assimilation Prescription: Emphasis on desire, renewal and resilience; honouring responsibilities; remembrance, culture, and spirit. “Resurgence and regeneration constitute a way to power-surge against the empire with integrity”