Chapter 6 - Race and Ethnicity Flashcards
differentiate between race and ethnicity
Race - a social distinction based on perceived physical or biological characteristics
Ethnicity - rooted in cultural differences such as language, religion, and the shared history among people
__________ views that race and ethnicity are natural and permanent
essentialism
essentialism arugues that _______ element makes a person part of a specific race or ethnic group
essential/inherent
why does essentialism beleive that ethnic groups or nationalities exist
Ethnic groups and nationalities exist because they are based on biological factors in a territorial location
essenlialism relies on ________ - members of an ethnic pr racial group have same characteristics, origins or blood relationship
kinship
criticism of essentilalism
esn’t account for changes in beliefs in ethnic groups or races
Ethnicity and race are both ________ constructed
socially
what did Berger and Luckman think our knowledge is maintained by
social interactions - when we interact common knowledge of reality becomes reinforces, and out ideas of deviance and socially constructed
constructionists argue that categories are not ________ but created within society
natural
why cant genetic testing determine race
we char 99.9% of genetics
why cant genetic testing determine race
we char 99.9% of genetics
Within group variation is much larger that between group variation
critique od essentialism: definitions of races have changed over______ and across ______
time
cultures
what does Mary C. Waters say about “optional ethnicities”
White people in the US have the abilities to select the ethnic label they would like to claim or to claim no ethnic label at all
eg. White people can celebrate Oktoberfest but ignore holidays and traditions
visible minorities cannnot
______ ethnicity - individual label that had little cost for the individual
symbolic
_________ ___________ highlights the ways that the social categories we consider natural unchanging, such as race and ethnicity are in fact socially created
social consrution
social construction helps us understand what
Helps us understand norms, rules and categories
That there is no biological basis for racial categories and they change over time
what is the thomas princeple
the idea that social construction have real consequences
If people define situations as real, then they are real in their consequences”
Racism is a real consequence of our socially constructed idea about race
______ - “organised system of race-based group privilege that operated at every level of society and is held together by a sophisticated idea of colour or ‘race; supremacy”
racism
racism leads to both ______ and _______
priviledges and sanctions
_______ _______- canadian term of ethnicity referring to the Indigenous people who are neither Inuit or Metis
frist nations
what outlined whom the govvy of canada deemed to be “indian” people and state that the government could regulate many aspects of their lives
The indian act of 1876
what are the consequences of the indan act and residential schools
long-term inequality experienced by indigenous people
Income consistently lower over time
More poverty
Those who like on reserve are much more likely to be poor
Poor conditions on reserve
________ ______ refers to ethnicity that is individualistic in anture and without real social cost for the individual
symbolic ethnicity
what three things are used nny colonialism to divert attention away from decolonizing
rights
reconcilliation
resources
from rights to _____
responsibilities
from reconcilliation to _______
resurgence
_______ is a negative attitude towaard seomone based soely on his membership in a group
prejudice
_______ is the negatice or positive treatment of someone due to someone’s memebrship in a group
discrimination
interested in prejudice increased after what
WW2
due to anti-semitism
Thodore W Adorno argues that people with a certain personalisty type _________ _________, are more likely to be prejudice
authoritarian personalisty
what is the worls values survey
international survey that askes ppl about their lives, values and pli opinions
what is contact theory
predicts that increasing contact between atagonistic groups will lead to a growinf recognition of simlaritirs and alter stereotypes
how does canada decide which immigrants to accpet
point system
what is multi culturalim
political framework that promotes cultural differende as an integral component of society
John Porter used the term ______ ________ to convey the concept that Canada is a mosaic of different ethnic, language, regional and religious groupings unequal in status and power..
verticle mosaic
what does realistic conflict theory state
prejudoce stems from social groups’ competition for values resources or opportunities
____ _____ is group of people who share a physical territory and govvy, although they may not share same ethnicity, language or history
nations state
what 4 ideas are proposed by critical race theory
racism is not rare in society - it is built into our institutions
somepoeple benenift fomr racism - those are the ones who implimented the institutional racism
races and racism are social contructions
intersectionality
finifh the quote
“where we start….
depends on the story we want to tell
“A condition and a process in which preferential access to the good things in life is not randomly distributed, but patterned around those human differences that are defined as socially significant”
what is this reflecting
social inequality
Since these diff outcomes are not random, it follows that they may be explained by some ______ factor
causal
what is the diff bet race and ethnicity
The modern concept of race is rooted in a history of hierarchy and subordination, whilst ethnicity is not
what do maco, meso and micro each foucs on
Macro -eg. systems and hierarchies
Meso - groups, organisation, subcultures
Micro - individuals and their interaction
When on a macro level things are _____________, they atart to trickle down into meso and micro (social constructs)
integrated/normalised
All knowledges built into constructs and integrated in everyday life, upheld by social interactions are considered
social construction
what does social construction say abour interaction
When people interact, they do so with the understanding that their respective perceptions of reality are related to one another.
And, when we are interacting together, our common knowledge of reality becomes reinforced
“If [people] define situations as real, then they are real in their consequences.”
For example these are social constructs that aren’t actually real in a physical sense still have major social impacts
Money
Borders
Adulthood
Race?
this reflect what
The Thomas Theorem
______ _________ refers to how this system operates at the “macro” level of society, often beyond psychological bias and prejudice
systemic racism
McIntosh describes ______ ______as:
“An invisible package of unearned assets that I can count on cashing in each day, but about which I was ‘meant’ to remain obvious.
white priviledge
White privilege is like an invisible weightless _______ of special provisions, maps, passports, codebooks, visas, clothes, tools, and blank checks.
knapsack
when someone has an _________ _______ its Not just holding prejudiced attitudes, but susceptibility to prejudice
authoritatrian
People hold ______ beliefs… maybe even from themselves
ppl hold beliefs they don’t _______, sometimes racists ideologies
secret
recognize
what is Realistic Conflict Theory
Group competition over scarce resources will generate negative social views toward the out-group
what is contact theory
Increased contact between antagonistic groups may lead to growing recognition of similarities
Not enough to be in coexistence, must be working together for a common goal
When you ge to know someone, prejudice tends to fade away
what was the robbers cave experiment for
To test realistic contact theory - intergroup conflict, stereotypes and prejudices
His idea - conflict arises when competing for limited resources
Subjects - children, didn’t know each other, similar backgrounds
Two groups formed, eagles and rattlers
what happened in the robbers cave experiment
Encouraged to bond at first - competitions arrages
Aggression started occurring between groups, verbally at first and escalated to physical
eagles won
after , they are told to judge each other, and give bad description of opp, and esteemed of their own
The kids come together as allies with a common goal
Thus, they demonstrated realistic contact theeory -
simple coexistence did not eliminate prejudices, whilst working together did
Describe vs diagnose
describe is the facts, diagnose is what’s at the root of the issue
Why are some countries not able to develop linearly
- the stages (traditional, preconditions for take off, take off,…etc)
Who ever is developed, historically, is there for a reason
We have to account why exploitation in history has affected countries ability to develop styll
_________ is a policy or practice in which political power from one territory exerts control over another territory, occupies it with settlers, and exploits it economically.
colonialism
what is settler colonialism
an ongoing system of power that perpetuates the genocide and repression of indigenous peoples and cultures. Essentially hegemonic in scope, settler colonialism normalizes the continuous settler occupation, exploiting lands and resources to which indigenous peoples have genealogical relationships.
what were there early relations of indigenous ppl and the settlers
trading relationships
Royal Proclamation of 1763 claimed what
sovereignty over so called “Indian” people
what sought to assimilate and regulate Indigenous Peoples
Still exists today with very racist implications
Indian act
what did the indian act lead to
residential schools
explain how we cna use our three sociological tools to combat colonializm
Descriptions:
Critical analysis of “damage” wrought by colonization
Diagnosis:
Colonizers’ thirst for land
Denial: “no history of colonialism” — PM Harper
“Politics of distraction” and assimilation
Prescription:
Emphasis on desire, renewal and resilience; honouring responsibilities; remembrance, culture, and spirit.
“Resurgence and regeneration constitute a way to power-surge against the empire with integrity”
