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Sociology 1027B > Chapter 6 - Race and Ethnicity > Flashcards

Chapter 6 - Race and Ethnicity Flashcards

1
Q

differentiate between race and ethnicity

A

Race - a social distinction based on perceived physical or biological characteristics

Ethnicity - rooted in cultural differences such as language, religion, and the shared history among people

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2
Q

__________ views that race and ethnicity are natural and permanent

A

essentialism

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3
Q

essentialism arugues that _______ element makes a person part of a specific race or ethnic group

A

essential/inherent

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4
Q

why does essentialism beleive that ethnic groups or nationalities exist

A

Ethnic groups and nationalities exist because they are based on biological factors in a territorial location

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5
Q

essenlialism relies on ________ - members of an ethnic pr racial group have same characteristics, origins or blood relationship

A

kinship

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6
Q

criticism of essentilalism

A

esn’t account for changes in beliefs in ethnic groups or races

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7
Q

Ethnicity and race are both ________ constructed

A

socially

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8
Q

what did Berger and Luckman think our knowledge is maintained by

A

social interactions - when we interact common knowledge of reality becomes reinforces, and out ideas of deviance and socially constructed

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9
Q

constructionists argue that categories are not ________ but created within society

A

natural

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10
Q

why cant genetic testing determine race

A

we char 99.9% of genetics

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10
Q

why cant genetic testing determine race

A

we char 99.9% of genetics

Within group variation is much larger that between group variation

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11
Q

critique od essentialism: definitions of races have changed over______ and across ______

A

time

cultures

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12
Q

what does Mary C. Waters say about “optional ethnicities”

A

White people in the US have the abilities to select the ethnic label they would like to claim or to claim no ethnic label at all
eg. White people can celebrate Oktoberfest but ignore holidays and traditions

visible minorities cannnot

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13
Q

______ ethnicity - individual label that had little cost for the individual

A

symbolic

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14
Q

_________ ___________ highlights the ways that the social categories we consider natural unchanging, such as race and ethnicity are in fact socially created

A

social consrution

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15
Q

social construction helps us understand what

A

Helps us understand norms, rules and categories
That there is no biological basis for racial categories and they change over time

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16
Q

what is the thomas princeple

A

the idea that social construction have real consequences

If people define situations as real, then they are real in their consequences”
Racism is a real consequence of our socially constructed idea about race

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17
Q

______ - “organised system of race-based group privilege that operated at every level of society and is held together by a sophisticated idea of colour or ‘race; supremacy”

A

racism

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18
Q

racism leads to both ______ and _______

A

priviledges and sanctions

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19
Q

_______ _______- canadian term of ethnicity referring to the Indigenous people who are neither Inuit or Metis

A

frist nations

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20
Q

what outlined whom the govvy of canada deemed to be “indian” people and state that the government could regulate many aspects of their lives

A

The indian act of 1876

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21
Q

what are the consequences of the indan act and residential schools

A

long-term inequality experienced by indigenous people
Income consistently lower over time
More poverty
Those who like on reserve are much more likely to be poor
Poor conditions on reserve

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22
Q

________ ______ refers to ethnicity that is individualistic in anture and without real social cost for the individual

A

symbolic ethnicity

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23
Q

what three things are used nny colonialism to divert attention away from decolonizing

A

rights
reconcilliation
resources

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24
Q

from rights to _____

A

responsibilities

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25
Q

from reconcilliation to _______

A

resurgence

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26
Q

_______ is a negative attitude towaard seomone based soely on his membership in a group

A

prejudice

27
Q

_______ is the negatice or positive treatment of someone due to someone’s memebrship in a group

A

discrimination

28
Q

interested in prejudice increased after what

A

WW2
due to anti-semitism

29
Q

Thodore W Adorno argues that people with a certain personalisty type _________ _________, are more likely to be prejudice

A

authoritarian personalisty

30
Q

what is the worls values survey

A

international survey that askes ppl about their lives, values and pli opinions

31
Q

what is contact theory

A

predicts that increasing contact between atagonistic groups will lead to a growinf recognition of simlaritirs and alter stereotypes

32
Q

how does canada decide which immigrants to accpet

A

point system

33
Q

what is multi culturalim

A

political framework that promotes cultural differende as an integral component of society

34
Q

John Porter used the term ______ ________ to convey the concept that Canada is a mosaic of different ethnic, language, regional and religious groupings unequal in status and power..

A

verticle mosaic

35
Q

what does realistic conflict theory state

A

prejudoce stems from social groups’ competition for values resources or opportunities

36
Q

____ _____ is group of people who share a physical territory and govvy, although they may not share same ethnicity, language or history

A

nations state

37
Q

what 4 ideas are proposed by critical race theory

A

racism is not rare in society - it is built into our institutions

somepoeple benenift fomr racism - those are the ones who implimented the institutional racism

races and racism are social contructions

intersectionality

38
Q

finifh the quote

“where we start….

A

depends on the story we want to tell

39
Q

“A condition and a process in which preferential access to the good things in life is not randomly distributed, but patterned around those human differences that are defined as socially significant”

what is this reflecting

A

social inequality

40
Q

Since these diff outcomes are not random, it follows that they may be explained by some ______ factor

A

causal

41
Q

what is the diff bet race and ethnicity

A

The modern concept of race is rooted in a history of hierarchy and subordination, whilst ethnicity is not

42
Q

what do maco, meso and micro each foucs on

A

Macro -eg. systems and hierarchies
Meso - groups, organisation, subcultures
Micro - individuals and their interaction

43
Q

When on a macro level things are _____________, they atart to trickle down into meso and micro (social constructs)

A

integrated/normalised

44
Q

All knowledges built into constructs and integrated in everyday life, upheld by social interactions are considered

A

social construction

45
Q

what does social construction say abour interaction

A

When people interact, they do so with the understanding that their respective perceptions of reality are related to one another.

And, when we are interacting together, our common knowledge of reality becomes reinforced

46
Q

“If [people] define situations as real, then they are real in their consequences.”
For example these are social constructs that aren’t actually real in a physical sense still have major social impacts
Money
Borders
Adulthood
Race?

this reflect what

A

The Thomas Theorem

47
Q

______ _________ refers to how this system operates at the “macro” level of society, often beyond psychological bias and prejudice

A

systemic racism

48
Q

McIntosh describes ______ ______as:

“An invisible package of unearned assets that I can count on cashing in each day, but about which I was ‘meant’ to remain obvious.

A

white priviledge

49
Q

White privilege is like an invisible weightless _______ of special provisions, maps, passports, codebooks, visas, clothes, tools, and blank checks.

A

knapsack

50
Q

when someone has an _________ _______ its Not just holding prejudiced attitudes, but susceptibility to prejudice

A

authoritatrian

51
Q

People hold ______ beliefs… maybe even from themselves

ppl hold beliefs they don’t _______, sometimes racists ideologies

A

secret

recognize

52
Q

what is Realistic Conflict Theory

A

Group competition over scarce resources will generate negative social views toward the out-group

53
Q

what is contact theory

A

Increased contact between antagonistic groups may lead to growing recognition of similarities
Not enough to be in coexistence, must be working together for a common goal
When you ge to know someone, prejudice tends to fade away

54
Q

what was the robbers cave experiment for

A

To test realistic contact theory - intergroup conflict, stereotypes and prejudices

His idea - conflict arises when competing for limited resources

Subjects - children, didn’t know each other, similar backgrounds

Two groups formed, eagles and rattlers

55
Q

what happened in the robbers cave experiment

A

Encouraged to bond at first - competitions arrages

Aggression started occurring between groups, verbally at first and escalated to physical

eagles won

after , they are told to judge each other, and give bad description of opp, and esteemed of their own

The kids come together as allies with a common goal
Thus, they demonstrated realistic contact theeory -
simple coexistence did not eliminate prejudices, whilst working together did

56
Q

Describe vs diagnose

A

describe is the facts, diagnose is what’s at the root of the issue

57
Q

Why are some countries not able to develop linearly

A
  • the stages (traditional, preconditions for take off, take off,…etc)

Who ever is developed, historically, is there for a reason
We have to account why exploitation in history has affected countries ability to develop styll

58
Q

_________ is a policy or practice in which political power from one territory exerts control over another territory, occupies it with settlers, and exploits it economically.

A

colonialism

59
Q

what is settler colonialism

A

an ongoing system of power that perpetuates the genocide and repression of indigenous peoples and cultures. Essentially hegemonic in scope, settler colonialism normalizes the continuous settler occupation, exploiting lands and resources to which indigenous peoples have genealogical relationships.

60
Q

what were there early relations of indigenous ppl and the settlers

A

trading relationships

61
Q

Royal Proclamation of 1763 claimed what

A

sovereignty over so called “Indian” people

62
Q

what sought to assimilate and regulate Indigenous Peoples
Still exists today with very racist implications

A

Indian act

63
Q

what did the indian act lead to

A

residential schools

64
Q

explain how we cna use our three sociological tools to combat colonializm

A

Descriptions:
Critical analysis of “damage” wrought by colonization

Diagnosis:
Colonizers’ thirst for land
Denial: “no history of colonialism” — PM Harper
“Politics of distraction” and assimilation

Prescription:
Emphasis on desire, renewal and resilience; honouring responsibilities; remembrance, culture, and spirit.
“Resurgence and regeneration constitute a way to power-surge against the empire with integrity”

Sociology 1027B (10 decks)

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