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Sociology 1027B > Chapter 12 - Health > Flashcards

Chapter 12 - Health Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

World Health organisation (WHO) defines health as “a state if complete physical, mental and social _____-_____”

health is more than just _______

A

well-being

phusical

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2
Q

differentiate between acute and chronic illness

A

Acute illness - severe and begin quickly (eg breaking your arm)
Chronic illness - slower to develop ( eg asthma)

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3
Q

_______ _______ - state of well-being in which every individual realises their own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to their community”

A

mental health

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4
Q

______ _______ healthy amount of social integration into society

A

social health

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5
Q

Mental Health on Campus:

Males make up a little less than half of those experience this but make up proportionally _____ that go to counselling

why?

A

less

Maintaining a masculine appearance often stops males from seeing mental health help

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6
Q

Medical doctors focus on the immediate causes of illnesses, sociologists focus on what

A

sociologists focus on the social causes of disease

how diif groups of ppl come to have diff health outcomes

Try to find larger social solutions to health issues in a population
Eg - pooper ppl tend to have worse health than richer ppl

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7
Q

Parsons was interested in how ppl who are ill work to minimise the disruptive impact of illness in the _____ _____

A

sick role

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8
Q

whats the sicl role

A
  • someone suffering from sickness has their own set of rights and responsibilities - dictates that those who are sick have privileges as well as obligations associated with their illness.
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9
Q

what are the three main parts to the sick role

A
  1. Not held responsible for their poor health
  2. Entitled to certain rights and privileges - release from normal responsibilities
  3. Expected to take sensible steps to to regain health
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10
Q

what are some criticisms of the sick role (3)

A
  1. Hard to tell when someone is allowed to take on the sick role (eg mental health vs. broken leg)
  2. Who has the power to deem who is sick and who is not is not clear

3.How the definition of the sick role changes of time anc cultures

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11
Q

what are social determanants of health

A

larger social factors that shape the kind of lives we lead and the health of those lives

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12
Q

Conditions in which we are born, raises, where we live, work
are shaped by what

A

social determinants of health shaped haped on the local, national and global level by distribution of money and power

unequal distribution = poor health

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13
Q

the semi circle of social determinants of health displayes what

A

the most immediate factors affecting health, to the most general

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14
Q

the semi circle of social determinants of health

what is in the middle,/most immediate

A

age, sex, genetics

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15
Q

the semi circle of social determinants of health

what is the second most immediate

A

individual lifestyle factors

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16
Q

the semi circle of social determinants of health

what is the third most immediate

A

Social and community networks - do u have friends

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17
Q

the semi circle of social determinants of health

what is the fourth most immediate

A

Social determinants related to living and working conditions (work environment, education, agriculture and food production)

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18
Q

the semi circle of social determinants of health

what is the most general factor affecting health

A

General economic, cultural and environmental conditions

Living in a country with greater inequality bet rich and poor tend to have pooper health
Even rich are healthier in more equal countries, not necessarily that just the poor are better off in more equal countries

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19
Q

is does the most generak factor of the social determinants of health (General economic, cultural and environmental conditions) have an impact

A

more equal societies there is less crime + violence - good for all ppl

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20
Q

Does where you live shape your risk of getting COVID-19

A

Visible minorities more likely to contract covid

Neighbourhoods in canada with more visible minorities (25% or more) had mortality rates two times higher than other communities

In provinces harder hit, this number increased

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21
Q

where is the global epicentre of Tuberculosis (the most deadly infectious disease)

A

india

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22
Q

how does TB affect India

A

Costly in death and the economy for india

Effects ppl who are of age to be in the workforce causing unemployment and decreasing productivity

Govvy works to fight this with programs but they’re hard to access, and the mds are expensive, and there is stigma behind diagnosis

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23
Q

what is the bidirectional relationship between tuberculosis and poverty. WHY

A

Poverty sustains TB and TB ensures poverty
Why? Tb is more likely to spread in poor housing conditions

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24
Q

the opioid crisis and covid can be seen in what two ways

A

personal troubles and public issues

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25
Q

COVID-19 mortality rates were 2 times higher in areas with high “_____ _______” populations

A

visible minority

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26
Q

How does race, class, gender, age, disability, language affect how our bodies are perceived and treated during COVID-19?

A

dismissing and minimising concerns of patients who are Black, Indigenous, women of colour is prevalent in healthcare system

1 in 5 Asian healthcare workers in Manitoba experienced racism in the first months of the pandemic

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27
Q

Canadian life expectancy has increased over time because of

A

improvement in the health system (eg. infant mortality decrease) but not everyone benefits

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28
Q

what are health disparirities

A

the differences in health status across groups linked to socioeconomic or environmental conditions

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29
Q

How do we measure health? (4)

A

Life expectancy - avg number of years a pop is expected to live

Healthy life expectancy - the average number of healthy years one can expect to live if current patterns of death and illness remain the same

ANOTHA ONE - assess the number of physically and mentally unhealthy days an individual or group has per month

Chronic disease prevalence - a measure of how common chronic disease are across a group of people

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30
Q

_________ shapes educational opportunities and outcomes, jobs and work xp, personalities, traits encouraged by parents

A

class

Eg. smoking, mental health issues, hospitalisation ect is greater in lower income earners

31
Q

Health indicators improving overall for canadians, but not for everyone - who doesnt

A

poorer canadians have worse health outcomes overall and seeing less improvement in health overall over time

32
Q

Class affects ________’s health in particular - have better environment and resources

A

children `

33
Q

Wealth of a country as a whole aslo affects the health risk of its citizens in what way

A

Wealthier countries have healthy populations
Healthcare systems are expensive to develop and maintain

34
Q

why is being wealthy country is not enough to ensure longer lives

A

Countries with lower gini coefficients (more equality) have longer life expectancy

eg , US is a rich ass country with only a moderate life expectancy… why? Its an unequal country

35
Q

why is education a health determinant (3)

A

Related to social class and income
Higher education tends to = higher social class and make more money

Education tends to improve ability to understand health info

Education increases feelings of efficacy - the belief that you can change things around you
More likely to change health behaviours when needed

36
Q

why are race and ethnicity a health determinant

A
  1. Racism and discrimination
    Affects access to health care system - treated differently
  2. Relationship between ethnicity and health outcomes is partly shaped by social class
    They tend to be lower class - we know this affects health outcomes
37
Q

Systemic racism and discrimination can contribute to trigher rates of _____ ______

because of what

A

health conditions

limited access to healthcare and health food options

38
Q

First nations, inuit and metis communities have a sorter life expectancy
why

A

Racism as a result of colonial legacies
Lower social class
Poor housing conditions (on reserve especially)
Access to safe and clean water
Limited access to healthcare in rural communities
Food prices and food insecurity more prevalent in remote communities

39
Q

gender is a determinant of health

_____ tend to live longer, why

A

women

Less likely to die after birth than boys

Socialisation differences
Boys encouraged to be more aggressive and take more risks - thus more likely to die from accidents and shit

40
Q

Despite living longer on average, women report poorer health
why?

A

The longer you live the more likely you are to get old when most health issues occur

41
Q

Traditional views of masculinity and femininity affect how men and women use the ______ ______

______ are less likely to go to the doctors

A

health system

men

42
Q

Transgender people have barriers to health

why

A

For reasons from of lack of knowledge on trans issues to refusal of care

43
Q

Obesity: intersectionality in Health Inequalities

what causes obesity

A

Both individual and social causes - not just biological

44
Q

who is more liekly to be overwhight

A

men
less educated
less income
old

45
Q

how had the relation between obesity and social class changed over time

A

Skinny used to = poor
Fet used to = luxury
Not the opposite cause cheaper foods are less healthy
Changes highlight the social construct of the ‘healthy’ body

46
Q

what larger social reasons also account for the rising rates of obesity

A

Most people’s jobs don’t involve physical activity - more time sitting
Rise of technology - more time sitting

47
Q

As a public issue - what we can do to fight obesity

A

More phys ed in schools
More healthy food options in schools
More parks and gyms in cities
Laws that fast-food restaurants have to show calories, cant use trans-fats, have to pay unhealthy food tax

48
Q

The Health Gap:
___________ leads to heart disease, or _________ clture protects from heart disease
Fatty diets are culprit

A

americanization, japanese

49
Q

The Health Gap:

The ______________ ___________is mirrored by/maps the health patterns; those at the bottom the least healthy, those are the top are the most

A

bureaucratic hierarchy

50
Q

_______ ______ ______- the organisations of people, resources, and institutions that provide and deliver health care to a population

A

hwalth care system

51
Q

what is socialized medicine vs no socialized

A

Socialised medicine - the govvy owns and operates most medical facilities and employs most doctors

Non socialised - people personally pay

52
Q

is canada socialized for no socialized medicine, how does it work

A

Middle ground - govvy pays portion

Canada has socialised insurance single-player system

the govvy pays doctors and hospitals according to a schedule of fees set annually by govvy

Doctors are private practitioners said on a fee-per-service basis

53
Q

5 standards for health care in canada

A
  1. universality
  2. accessibility
  3. Comprehensive coverage
  4. Portability (anywhere)
  5. Public administration (non-for profit)
54
Q

_____ ______ - the decisions and action that are undertaken to a achieve specific health care goals within a health care system

A

health policy

55
Q

_________ A mental or physical condition that limits a person’s daily activities and restricts what they can do

A

disability

56
Q

Eg. using ‘people with disability’ instead of ‘disabled people’ focuses on the people rather than them being defined by their disability

what is this an example of

A

the people first philosophy

57
Q

what is the people first philosophy

A

Eg. using ‘people with disability’ instead of ‘disabled people’ focuses on the people rather than them being defined by their disability

58
Q

__________ is discrimination against people who have a cognitive or physical disability on the basis of stereotypes about their limitations

A

ableism

59
Q

why is studing disabilities important

A

Disability is related to health inequalities

Countries have diff policies for addressing the various concerns of groups that experience disabilities (such as the CRPD)

60
Q

what does CRPD stand for \ what is it

A

United nations convention of rights of persons

A list signed by most countries of rights that ppl with disabilities have and how the state should work to protect these rights

61
Q

_______ ___________ is one way of describing social arrangements that put individuals and populations in harm’s way.

A

structural violoence

62
Q

what does the “structural” in structural violence refer to, and “violence”

A

The arrangements are structural because they are embedded in the political and economic organisation of our social world.

They are violent because they cause injury to people.

63
Q

Richest quintile life expectancy: ____ years
Poorest quintile life expectancy: _____ years
(cananada)

A

70
63

64
Q

_________ have longer life expectancies, report poorer health
____________ more likely to die in childhood from accidents and violence
____________ individuals have higher rates of unmet health needs

A

women
men
transgender

65
Q

Indigenous populations face what distinct inequalities shaped by colonialism

A

Poorer housing conditions (crowding, poor ventilation)
Geographical access to healthcare (remote locations)
Food prices and insecurity (access to fresh fruit & veg, traditional food resources)
Access to safe and clean water.

66
Q

the _________ lens can uncritically justify unequal power relations in healthcare, or it can support the value of public health.

A

functionalist lens

67
Q

the _______ lens Examines social inequalities as reflecting unequal distributions of power and resources

A

conflict lens

68
Q

what lens is associated with the sick role

A

functionalism

69
Q

_______ lens would be critical of
Big Pharma, but the substance of
that critique can be more or less
sophisticated

A

conflict

70
Q

how does ableism extend as a public issue

A

The way society is structured to favour able-bodied people

Being ignored, invisibilized, marginalized

Treatment of accommodation as an inconvenience or “extra” task

71
Q

how does climate change affect community health

A

extreme heat - can lead to health conditions like heat stroke

storms and flooding - puts people at immediate risk of health risks + risk of ifection from water n shit - mental toll too

air quality

diseases spread by insects, rodents and ticks

72
Q

Some of the most ________ and the most ________ issues are implicated with social determinants for health.

A

individual, social

73
Q

what is the “promise” of sociology is that we can collectively do things about these issues!

A

Prediction & prevention
Effective crisis responses
Envisioning healthier ways of living with one another

Sociology 1027B (10 decks)

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