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Sociology 1027B > Chapter 12 - Health > Flashcards

Chapter 12 - Health Flashcards

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1
Q

World Health organisation (WHO) defines health as “a state if complete physical, mental and social _____-_____”

health is more than just _______

A

well-being

phusical

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2
Q

differentiate between acute and chronic illness

A

Acute illness - severe and begin quickly (eg breaking your arm)
Chronic illness - slower to develop ( eg asthma)

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3
Q

_______ _______ - state of well-being in which every individual realises their own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to their community”

A

mental health

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4
Q

______ _______ healthy amount of social integration into society

A

social health

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5
Q

Mental Health on Campus:

Males make up a little less than half of those experience this but make up proportionally _____ that go to counselling

why?

A

less

Maintaining a masculine appearance often stops males from seeing mental health help

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6
Q

Medical doctors focus on the immediate causes of illnesses, sociologists focus on what

A

sociologists focus on the social causes of disease

how diif groups of ppl come to have diff health outcomes

Try to find larger social solutions to health issues in a population
Eg - pooper ppl tend to have worse health than richer ppl

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7
Q

Parsons was interested in how ppl who are ill work to minimise the disruptive impact of illness in the _____ _____

A

sick role

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8
Q

whats the sicl role

A
  • someone suffering from sickness has their own set of rights and responsibilities - dictates that those who are sick have privileges as well as obligations associated with their illness.
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9
Q

what are the three main parts to the sick role

A
  1. Not held responsible for their poor health
  2. Entitled to certain rights and privileges - release from normal responsibilities
  3. Expected to take sensible steps to to regain health
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10
Q

what are some criticisms of the sick role (3)

A
  1. Hard to tell when someone is allowed to take on the sick role (eg mental health vs. broken leg)
  2. Who has the power to deem who is sick and who is not is not clear

3.How the definition of the sick role changes of time anc cultures

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11
Q

what are social determanants of health

A

larger social factors that shape the kind of lives we lead and the health of those lives

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12
Q

Conditions in which we are born, raises, where we live, work
are shaped by what

A

social determinants of health shaped haped on the local, national and global level by distribution of money and power

unequal distribution = poor health

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13
Q

the semi circle of social determinants of health displayes what

A

the most immediate factors affecting health, to the most general

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14
Q

the semi circle of social determinants of health

what is in the middle,/most immediate

A

age, sex, genetics

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15
Q

the semi circle of social determinants of health

what is the second most immediate

A

individual lifestyle factors

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16
Q

the semi circle of social determinants of health

what is the third most immediate

A

Social and community networks - do u have friends

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17
Q

the semi circle of social determinants of health

what is the fourth most immediate

A

Social determinants related to living and working conditions (work environment, education, agriculture and food production)

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18
Q

the semi circle of social determinants of health

what is the most general factor affecting health

A

General economic, cultural and environmental conditions

Living in a country with greater inequality bet rich and poor tend to have pooper health
Even rich are healthier in more equal countries, not necessarily that just the poor are better off in more equal countries

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19
Q

is does the most generak factor of the social determinants of health (General economic, cultural and environmental conditions) have an impact

A

more equal societies there is less crime + violence - good for all ppl

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20
Q

Does where you live shape your risk of getting COVID-19

A

Visible minorities more likely to contract covid

Neighbourhoods in canada with more visible minorities (25% or more) had mortality rates two times higher than other communities

In provinces harder hit, this number increased

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21
Q

where is the global epicentre of Tuberculosis (the most deadly infectious disease)

A

india

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22
Q

how does TB affect India

A

Costly in death and the economy for india

Effects ppl who are of age to be in the workforce causing unemployment and decreasing productivity

Govvy works to fight this with programs but they’re hard to access, and the mds are expensive, and there is stigma behind diagnosis

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23
Q

what is the bidirectional relationship between tuberculosis and poverty. WHY

A

Poverty sustains TB and TB ensures poverty
Why? Tb is more likely to spread in poor housing conditions

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24
Q

the opioid crisis and covid can be seen in what two ways

A

personal troubles and public issues

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25
COVID-19 mortality rates were 2 times higher in areas with high “_____ _______” populations
visible minority
26
How does race, class, gender, age, disability, language affect how our bodies are perceived and treated during COVID-19?
dismissing and minimising concerns of patients who are Black, Indigenous, women of colour is prevalent in healthcare system 1 in 5 Asian healthcare workers in Manitoba experienced racism in the first months of the pandemic
27
Canadian life expectancy has increased over time because of
improvement in the health system (eg. infant mortality decrease) but not everyone benefits
28
what are health disparirities
the differences in health status across groups linked to socioeconomic or environmental conditions
29
How do we measure health? (4)
Life expectancy - avg number of years a pop is expected to live Healthy life expectancy - the average number of healthy years one can expect to live if current patterns of death and illness remain the same ANOTHA ONE - assess the number of physically and mentally unhealthy days an individual or group has per month Chronic disease prevalence - a measure of how common chronic disease are across a group of people
30
_________ shapes educational opportunities and outcomes, jobs and work xp, personalities, traits encouraged by parents
class Eg. smoking, mental health issues, hospitalisation ect is greater in lower income earners
31
Health indicators improving overall for canadians, but not for everyone - who doesnt
poorer canadians have worse health outcomes overall and seeing less improvement in health overall over time
32
Class affects ________’s health in particular - have better environment and resources
children `
33
Wealth of a country as a whole aslo affects the health risk of its citizens in what way
Wealthier countries have healthy populations Healthcare systems are expensive to develop and maintain
34
why is being wealthy country is not enough to ensure longer lives
Countries with lower gini coefficients (more equality) have longer life expectancy eg , US is a rich ass country with only a moderate life expectancy… why? Its an unequal country
35
why is education a health determinant (3)
Related to social class and income Higher education tends to = higher social class and make more money Education tends to improve ability to understand health info Education increases feelings of efficacy - the belief that you can change things around you More likely to change health behaviours when needed
36
why are race and ethnicity a health determinant
1. Racism and discrimination Affects access to health care system - treated differently 2. Relationship between ethnicity and health outcomes is partly shaped by social class They tend to be lower class - we know this affects health outcomes
37
Systemic racism and discrimination can contribute to trigher rates of _____ ______ because of what
health conditions limited access to healthcare and health food options
38
First nations, inuit and metis communities have a sorter life expectancy why
Racism as a result of colonial legacies Lower social class Poor housing conditions (on reserve especially) Access to safe and clean water Limited access to healthcare in rural communities Food prices and food insecurity more prevalent in remote communities
39
gender is a determinant of health _____ tend to live longer, why
women Less likely to die after birth than boys Socialisation differences Boys encouraged to be more aggressive and take more risks - thus more likely to die from accidents and shit
40
Despite living longer on average, women report poorer health why?
The longer you live the more likely you are to get old when most health issues occur
41
Traditional views of masculinity and femininity affect how men and women use the ______ ______ ______ are less likely to go to the doctors
health system men
42
Transgender people have barriers to health why
For reasons from of lack of knowledge on trans issues to refusal of care
43
Obesity: intersectionality in Health Inequalities what causes obesity
Both individual and social causes - not just biological
44
who is more liekly to be overwhight
men less educated less income old
45
how had the relation between obesity and social class changed over time
Skinny used to = poor Fet used to = luxury Not the opposite cause cheaper foods are less healthy Changes highlight the social construct of the ‘healthy’ body
46
what larger social reasons also account for the rising rates of obesity
Most people's jobs don't involve physical activity - more time sitting Rise of technology - more time sitting
47
As a public issue - what we can do to fight obesity
More phys ed in schools More healthy food options in schools More parks and gyms in cities Laws that fast-food restaurants have to show calories, cant use trans-fats, have to pay unhealthy food tax
48
The Health Gap: ___________ leads to heart disease, or _________ clture protects from heart disease Fatty diets are culprit
americanization, japanese
49
The Health Gap: The ______________ ___________is mirrored by/maps the health patterns; those at the bottom the least healthy, those are the top are the most
bureaucratic hierarchy
50
_______ ______ ______- the organisations of people, resources, and institutions that provide and deliver health care to a population
hwalth care system
51
what is socialized medicine vs no socialized
Socialised medicine - the govvy owns and operates most medical facilities and employs most doctors Non socialised - people personally pay
52
is canada socialized for no socialized medicine, how does it work
Middle ground - govvy pays portion Canada has socialised insurance single-player system the govvy pays doctors and hospitals according to a schedule of fees set annually by govvy Doctors are private practitioners said on a fee-per-service basis
53
5 standards for health care in canada
1. universality 2. accessibility 3. Comprehensive coverage 4. Portability (anywhere) 5. Public administration (non-for profit)
54
_____ ______ - the decisions and action that are undertaken to a achieve specific health care goals within a health care system
health policy
55
_________ A mental or physical condition that limits a person’s daily activities and restricts what they can do
disability
56
Eg. using ‘people with disability’ instead of ‘disabled people’ focuses on the people rather than them being defined by their disability what is this an example of
the people first philosophy
57
what is the people first philosophy
Eg. using ‘people with disability’ instead of ‘disabled people’ focuses on the people rather than them being defined by their disability
58
__________ is discrimination against people who have a cognitive or physical disability on the basis of stereotypes about their limitations
ableism
59
why is studing disabilities important
Disability is related to health inequalities Countries have diff policies for addressing the various concerns of groups that experience disabilities (such as the CRPD)
60
what does CRPD stand for \\ what is it
United nations convention of rights of persons A list signed by most countries of rights that ppl with disabilities have and how the state should work to protect these rights
61
_______ ___________ is one way of describing social arrangements that put individuals and populations in harm's way.
structural violoence
62
what does the "structural" in structural violence refer to, and "violence"
The arrangements are structural because they are embedded in the political and economic organisation of our social world. They are violent because they cause injury to people.
63
Richest quintile life expectancy: ____ years Poorest quintile life expectancy: _____ years (cananada)
70 63
64
_________ have longer life expectancies, report poorer health ____________ more likely to die in childhood from accidents and violence ____________ individuals have higher rates of unmet health needs
women men transgender
65
Indigenous populations face what distinct inequalities shaped by colonialism
Poorer housing conditions (crowding, poor ventilation) Geographical access to healthcare (remote locations) Food prices and insecurity (access to fresh fruit & veg, traditional food resources) Access to safe and clean water.
66
the _________ lens can uncritically justify unequal power relations in healthcare, or it can support the value of public health.
functionalist lens
67
the _______ lens Examines social inequalities as reflecting unequal distributions of power and resources
conflict lens
68
what lens is associated with the sick role
functionalism
69
_______ lens would be critical of Big Pharma, but the substance of that critique can be more or less sophisticated
conflict
70
how does ableism extend as a public issue
The way society is structured to favour able-bodied people Being ignored, invisibilized, marginalized Treatment of accommodation as an inconvenience or “extra” task
71
how does climate change affect community health
extreme heat - can lead to health conditions like heat stroke storms and flooding - puts people at immediate risk of health risks + risk of ifection from water n shit - mental toll too air quality diseases spread by insects, rodents and ticks
72
Some of the most ________ and the most ________ issues are implicated with social determinants for health.
individual, social
73
what is the “promise” of sociology is that we can collectively do things about these issues!
Prediction & prevention Effective crisis responses Envisioning healthier ways of living with one another

Sociology 1027B (10 decks)

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