Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sociology 1027B > Chapter 5 - Globalization and Development > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Globalization and Development Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is globalization

A

A processes of increasing interconnectedness of people, products, ideas, and places

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what forces have lead to globalization

A

Improvement in transportation systems and in communication and information technologies

These developments facilitate the easy movement of people, products and ideas, leading to political, economic and cultural integration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what three ways does globalization increase interconnectedness

A

1) material or physical connections increase
2) Places that once felt far away, now feel much smaller
3) americanization n shit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the spatio-temporal element of globalisation

A

Makes the impacts of foreign catastrophes across the world more relevant in our lives

Eg. the impact wars on the other side of the wold have on out lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

who coined the global village

A

Marshall McLuan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is McLuan’s concept of the global village

A

globalization created a grater global responsibility for social betterment thought heightened awareness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Eg. seeing an McDonalds in a foreign country

what is this an example of

A

the dissemination of ideas and culture thought the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the negative and positive impacts of dimmemination of ideas and culture throughout the world

A

Positive Eg - the spread of the concept of human rights - The UN has a big part in this

Neg Eg - what cultural ideals such as consumerism and materialism can spread from country to country - like the unreachable beauty standards found in North America spreading to other parts of the world due to social media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Globalisation does not occur in one _______

A

direction

(we aren’t simply becoming more globalised) - it is a process that advances and regresses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

3 main categories of globalisation and global inequality in sociology

A

Modernisation theory
World systems theory
World society theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the ______ theory Claims that countries are poor cause they cling to transition and inefficient attitudes, technologies, and institutions - with enough time they can become modernised and develop like western societies

A

modernization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the modernization theory says there are 5 stages to globalization, name them in order

A

traditional society
preconditions for takeoff
takeoff
drive to maturity
high mass consuption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

according to modernization theory what is the first stage of econ growth? what triggers the movement to the next stage

A

traditional societies
-Little economic mobility
-Based on farming or hunter-gather to feed their own families (not sell)

Demand for raw material pushes them to dev more productive agriculture called Cash Crops (crops to be sold instead of consumed by the producers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

according to modernization theory what is the second stage of econ growth?

A

Preconditions to takeoff - Tech advances to support (irrigation, transportation, etc) + changes increase social mobility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

according to modernization theory what is the third stage of econ growth?

A

Economic takeoff

able to profuse good for both domestic consumptions and export

Markets emerge

Rise of individualism - individual material enrichments which can undermine family ties and time-honoured norms and values

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

according to modernization theory what is the third stage of econ growth?

A

Technological maturity

All sectors of society become more involved in market production and international trade arises

Cities grow. Ppl leave rural areas for opportunities

individualism and increased sense of efficiency generates social movements demanding universal education and increase rights for groups such as women and minorities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

according to modernization theory
what is the last stage

A

high mass consuption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How did countries start to move out of poverty?

A

During the middle ages, a increase in exploration and trade brought wealth to a growing share of people in western europe

The growth of capitalism and the industrial revolution also created hew wealth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the Modernization Theory’s Opinion of economic growth

A

They say the change that needs to be made in this country is to focus on cash crops of high-yield agricultural products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are some disadvantages of cash crops

A

Can be volatile and unsustainable - prices for cash crops are at the maker’s mercy

Environmental disadvantages - damage soil, lead to growth of parasites, increase crop vulnerability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what does movernization theory fails to recogniza about how rich countries got to where they are

A

Fails to recognize that rich nations industrialised from a positions of global strength, colonising other countries and taking their resources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

modernization theory is sometimes considered ________ as it assumes western countires are doing whats right

A

ethnocentric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

who developed wolrd systems theory as a crtitique of modernization theory

A

immanual wallerstein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

WST highlights the inherent ________ that occurs through globalisation and global development

A

inequality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

WST sees the world as a transnational division of labour between what three types of countries

A

core, semi-periphery and periphery countries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

______ countries are the most powerful

A

core

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is the power of core countries based on

A

Their power is based on their economic diversification, high level of industrialization, high skill-labour, and focus on the manufacturing of goods instead of simply extracting new resources for export

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

________ countries are the least powerful of the three

A

periphery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

why are periphery countries the least developed

A

Not economically diversified, minimally industrialised

Focus on extracting raw material for core countries

30
Q

why are periphery countries benificial to core countries

A

Attractive to core countries business interests as they tend to have more lenient labour and environmental laws

31
Q

______-_________ countries combine the two others characteristics

A

semi-periphery

32
Q

China, india, brazil and south africa
are all _________ countries

A

semi-periphery

33
Q

what is it that combines the two others’ charateristic for semi pheriphery countries

A

Moving toward industrialization and economic diversification

34
Q

World Systems Theory is based on what

A

Marx’s conflict theory; think of core countries as the capitalists, and the periphery countries as the proletariat

35
Q

explain how the capitalist countried benifit from the proletariat countries

A

Capitalists in core countries sell the goods produced in the periphery countries to the workers in the periphery - bringing the profits back to the core countries so that poor nations just get poorer and poorer

36
Q

The unequal trade relations between core and periphery countries create many problems for the periphery such as what

A

They’re pressured to proceed a small variety of cash crops that are oriented to export
Urged tp to extract natural resources in their raw formats and export them to core countries to be processed
Created low wage and low skill work in the periphery while taking the higher skill work to the core
Local industries in the periphery cannot compete with companies form the core

37
Q

same some criticisms of the WST

A

Foreign trade with rich countries has assisted some poor countries
Modernization theory priests foreign investment stimulates growth, not economic decline
The ability of countries to move into core counters idea that globalisation will lead to increased poverty in the periphery

38
Q

what is World Society Theory

A

Argues countries are becoming increasingly similar

explains global change as the consequence of emerging global institutions and a “world culture” since World War 2

39
Q

who created the world society tradition

A

John W meyer

40
Q

WSocT

Both individuals and nation-states tend to adopt summon ________ frames , resulting in one ______ ______

A

Both individuals and nation-states tend to adopt summon cultural frames or perspectives, resulting in one world culture

41
Q

is WSocT for or against globalizaiton

A

for

Emphasises positive elements of globalisation

42
Q

why is WSocT for globalization

A

Speed of ideal human rights, science, tolerance

43
Q

from the Feminism reading:

one of the main pillars of male dominance in the econ syst is the ________ ________ of _________ in the family and market

A

sexual division of labour

44
Q

from the Feminism reading:

what thing perpertuate gener inequality

A

poverty
patriarcht
economy
work
social relations

45
Q

from the Feminism reading:

the feminist lens helps us understand the ______, _______, the _______ and _______

A

economy
work
the family
household (dynamics)

46
Q

from the Feminism reading:

the concept of work ceased to be associated with __________ ________ activites

A

income generating activities

47
Q

from the Feminism reading:

women are more prone to poverty because they are assigned the role of _______, and thus it is more difficult to _______ making an income. also _______ is seen as non-work

A

caregiving

balance

caregiving

48
Q

from the Feminism reading:

women’s working life imoacts their success in the ______ market and ____ life

A

labour

family

49
Q

from the Feminism reading:

_________ is a public problem which perpetuates poverty - it is a social ____

A

care

right

50
Q

what is the story of the dish with one spoon

A

theres stu in a pot in the center of the room
The room also has a number of people, who are malnourished and sickly, and depressed

Attached to each person is a long spoon

Dude see a guy try to dip into the spoon, but the spoon is longer than his arm, so he can’t reach his face with it

Realised that people cannot actually gain, even tho the stu is right in front of them - this is hell

In the next room; people are well fed, have spoon strapped to their arms - have the same spoon ting going on, the difference is they feed each other - god days this is heaven

51
Q

people sometimes incorrectly think priviledge is a direct _______ on them

A

attack

52
Q

what are the three conceptual tools we use to understand phenomina such as globalization

A

Describe - what are the key facts, issues, and relationships

Diagnose - what are the underlying factors and processes that the ‘root’ of the issue

Prescribe - what policies, theories, or method should we adopt in light of our analysis

53
Q

explain what macro, meso and mirco focus on

A

Macro
Large-scale systems and structures, nations

Meso
Groups, organisations, subcultures

Micro
Individuals are their interactions

54
Q

for globalization where we start depends on what

A

the story we want to tell

55
Q

what is globalization

A

globalisation is a process of increasing interconnectedness of people, products, ideas, and places
The connections that exist in the world

56
Q

what is the meaning of “global village”

A

he idea that we can have shared experiences about global events (eg. how war impacts us all)

57
Q

the ______ persp Focused on the social processes that maintain hierarchy, domination, and oppression

A

conflict

58
Q

what is the Human Development Index

what things does the HDI use as indicators of scores (3)

A

Combines indicators of “development”

Life expectancy
Education (avg years of schooling)
Standard of living (gross national income per capita)

59
Q

Indicators combined into an index score of ___ to ____

A

0 to 1

60
Q

is country has an HDI of 1 they are ____ probably _______ country

A

core country (high on index

61
Q

a low score on the HDI, give exmaple

A

Anything below 0.4 ish

62
Q

the ______ index measure equality on a scale of 1-0 where 0 is perfect, 1 is bad

A

Gini

63
Q

The gini index shows us how equally the distribution of wealth in a country is, ireland is an example of a country with ______ index (more equality) and china is an example of a country with a _____ index (more inequality)

A

ireland - low

china - high

64
Q

_________ theory states that Societies develop through distinct stages

A

medernization

65
Q

global inequality is perpetuated by People and products extracted firm periphery

and then what

A

and brought back to the core refined, and then sold back to the periphery countries

66
Q

___________ countries are exploited a little by the core, things are also sold back to them

A

semi-periphery

67
Q

How can a country (and world economy) “develop” so much growth yet leave so many people behind?

A

Under global capitalism, wealth generated in LICs and MICs is concentrated among a small elite
Class interests charred by elites in rich and poor countries
Economies may grow, but the wealth hardly trickles how to the rest of society

68
Q

World Conflict Theory: Example _______ diagnosis

A

conflict

69
Q

Artificially created hunger has become an instrument of _____

how?

A

war

countries that are truly the worst victims of hunger could be the highest producers of food

70
Q

Feminism draws attention to systems of male domination in _________, ________ and _____ spheres (conflict perp)

A

economic, political, social

71
Q

feminism called for greater __________ within the spheres

A

democratization

72
Q

__________ is a practice where a field is used for production of pure stands of one crop only.

A

monocropping

Sociology 1027B (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions