Chapter 6 - Peripheral and Central Auditory Function

Question 1

The basic tools of the hearing instrument specialist are the central auditory assessment battery.

A. True.
B. False.

Answer 1

B. False.

Question 2

The auditory canal naturally amplifies sounds around its resonant frequency, measured between 2,000 Hz and 5,000 Hz.

A. True.
B. False.

Answer 2

A. True.

Question 3

The ossicular chain amplifies acoustical vibrations between the outer and inner ear by a factor of _____.

A. 10.
B. 12
C. 20
D. 22
E. It doesn’t perform that function.

Answer 3

D. 22

Question 4

Considering the enormous tympanic membrane in comparison to the footplate of the stapes, the ossicles concentrate the sound pressure vibrations with an amplification of a factor of _____ times.

A. 0.7
B. 1.7
C. 11.17
D. 17

Answer 4

D. 17

Question 5

This resonancy is _____ due to the insertion of most custom in-the-ear hearing instruments.

A. Gainen.
B. Improved upon.
C. Lost.
D. Mostly lost.
E. Unaffected.

Answer 5

D. Mostly lost.

Question 6

Due to the lever principle, the ossicles act as a fulcrum and create an additional amplification of _____ times.

A. 1.3
B. 11.3
C. 13.1
D. 13.3

Answer 6

A. 1.3

Question 7

The site of auditory transduction in the inner ear is the _____.

A. Basilar membrane.
B. Tectorial membrane.
C. Inner Hair Cells.
D. Outer Hair Cells.
E. Reissner’s membrane.
F. Organ of Corti.

Answer 7

F. Organ of Corti.

Question 8

The Organ of Corti _____. (check all that apply)

A. Sits atop the tectorial membrane.
B. Sits atop the basilar membrane.
C. Is covered by the basilar membrane.
D. Is covered by the tectorial membrane.

Answer 8

B. Sits atop the basilar membrane.
D. Is covered by the tectorial membrane.

Question 9

The motion of the basilar membrane is _____:

A. Like a jump rope.
B. Like a slinky.
C. A traveling wave.

Answer 9

C. A traveling wave.

Question 10

Nerve fibers in the Organ of Corti are of this/these types. (check all that apply)

A. Myelinated.
B. Unmyelinated.
C. Dendritical.
D. Axonal.
E. Complex.
F. Simple.

Answer 10

A. Myelinated.
B. Unmyelinated.

Question 11

The fact that hair cells in different spots on the cochlea react to specific frequencies, with high frequencies near the _____, is termed _____.

A. Base, Tectorial organization.
B. Apex, Tectorial organization.
C. Base, Tonotopic organization.
D. Apex, Tonotopic organization.

Answer 11

C. Base, Tonotopic organization.

Question 12

The cochlea works as a _____.

A. Frequency modulator.
B. Frequency translator.
C. Frequency transducer.
D. Frequency analyzer.

Answer 12

D. Frequency analyzer.

Question 13

The cochlea analyzes signals and noise into their constituents and _____ their components into areas along its _____.

A. modifies, hair cells.
B. softens, apex.
C. transforms, membranes.
D. translates, length.

Answer 13

D. translates, length.

Question 14

A pure tone is also called a _____. (check all that apply)

A. Hyperoid tone.
B. Simple tone.
C. Elec-tone.
D. Sinusoid.
E. Sine wave.

Answer 14

D. Sinusoid.
E. Sine wave.

Question 15

Air conduction testing includes: (check all that apply)

A. Loud sounds.
B. Declining intensity tones.
C. Octave frequencies.
D. Interoctave frequencies.
E. Enough frequencies to track the curve of the loss.
F. Bone conduction.

Answer 15

B. Declining intensity tones.
C. Octave frequencies.
D. Interoctave frequencies.

Question 16

The most common assessment of the Peripheral Auditory Assessment is the _____.

A. Bone Conduction Test.
B. Weber Test.
C. Masked Air Conduction.
D. Air Conduction.
E. EcoCH-E.
F. Tympanoplasty.

Answer 16

D. Air Conduction.

Question 17

Bone conduction assessment bypasses _____.

A. The outer ear’s contribution to hearing.
B. The inner ear’s contribution to hearing.
C. The middle ear’s contribution.
D. A and c.
E. B and c.
F. None of the above.

Answer 17

D. A and c.

Question 18

You can demonstrate bone conduction hearing by telling the patient and family to _____. (check all that apply)

A. Speak softly to each other.
B. Speak behind each other.
C. Listen to themselves on a tape recorder.
D. Scratch their heads and listen for sound.
E. None of the above. It cannot be done.

Answer 18

C. Listen to themselves on a tape recorder.
D. Scratch their heads and listen for sound.

Question 19

The ink color for posting air and bone conduction score for the Right and Left ears respectively are:

A. Blue and green.
B. Black and Red.
C. Red and Black.
D. Any color is okay.
E. Red and Blue.
F. Blue and Red.

Answer 19

E. Red and Blue.

Question 20

The symbols used for air conduction testing for the Right and Left sides are, respectively:

A. Triangle and square.
B. Square and triangle.
C. Left bracket and right bracket.
D. Circle and X.
E. Red circle and blue x.
F. Blue circle and red x.

Answer 20

E. Red circle and blue x.

Question 21

21. Question
    The symbols for masked air conduction for the Right and Left sides are respectively:

A. Red square and blue triangle.
B. Red Circle and Blue X.
C. Red triangle and Blue square.
D. Red < and Blue >.
F. Blue < and Red >.

Answer 21

C. Red triangle and Blue square.

Question 22

The symbols used for masked bone conduction for the Right and Left sides respectively are:

A. Red [ and Blue ].
B. Red ] and Blue [.
C. Blue { and Red }.
D. Red { and Blue }.

Answer 22

A. Red [ and Blue ].

Question 23

The symbols for unmasked bone conduction for the Right and Left sides respectively are:

A. Blue > and Red <.
B. Red > and Blue <.
C. Red X and Blue 0.
D. Red O and Blue X.

Answer 23

A. Blue > and Red <.

Question 24

Audiological units are measured in _____.

A. dB SSPL
B. DB SPL
C. dB SPL
D. Sound Pressure Levels.
E. Saturation Sound Pressure Levels.

Answer 24

C. dB SPL

Question 25

Audiometric O is defined as:

A. The faintest sounds that only infants can hear.
B. Absolute zero sound.
C. The average threshold of hearing.
D. The sound that vibrates the tympanic membrane 1,000 times per second for one second.
F. C and d.

Answer 25

C. The average threshold of hearing.

Question 26

The human hearing spectrum ranges from _____ to _____ Hz.

A. 12, 12000.
B. 20, 200000.
C. 12, 20000.
D. 20, 20000.
F. 200, 200000.

Answer 26

D. 20, 20000.

Question 27

Human hearing is differentially sensitive to frequency, meaning that the normalized threshold for hearing at 10,000 Hz is approximately _____ dB.

A. 2
B. 2.2
C. 12.2
D. 18
E. 20

Answer 27

E. 20

Question 28

Normal hearing is within the range of _____ to _____ dB SPL.

A. 0 – 10.
B. 0 – 20.
C. 10 – 30.
D. 20 – 40.
E. 0 – 30.

Answer 28

B. 0 – 20.

Question 29

A patient registers thresholds with an average between 40 dB and 60 dB SPL. This range represents a severe hearing loss.

A. True.
B. False.

Answer 29

B. False.

Question 30

I will be able to draw the speech banana and explain its significance when I am at the Academy for my lab training.

A. True.
B. Absolutely true.
C. Very true.
D. Sure.
E. No problem.
F. Call on me first.

Answer 30

F. Call on me first.
(should be all of them!)

Question 31

Crossover results when:

A. Someone wears someone else’s hearing instruments.
B. The left hearing instrument is heard in the right ear.
C. The tone being sent through one headphone is heard by the ear being tested.
D. The tone being sent through one headphone is heard by the ear not being tested.

Answer 31

D. The tone being sent through one headphone is heard by the ear not being tested.

Question 32

Potential crossover is due to _____.

A. Mixed nerve lesions.
B. Eighth nerve lesions.
C. Intercochlear agenesis.
D. Interaural condensation.
E. Interaural attenuation.

Answer 32

E. Interaural attenuation.

Question 33

Interaural attenuation via air conduction is _____ dB SPL.

A. 0
B. 20.
C. 40.
D. 40 to 80.
E. 80 to 100.
F. None of the above.

Answer 33

D. 40 to 80.

Question 34

Interaural attentuation via bone conduction is _____ dB SPL.

A. 0 – 25.
B. 5 – 15.
C. -5 – 15.
D. 0.
E. 2.
F. 4.

Answer 34

D. 0.

Question 35

Speech Audiometry determines how well a person understands speech. (check all that apply)

A. True.
B. Partly true.
C. False.

Answer 35

C. False.
(I think…)

Question 36

Word recognition tests are performed at which intensity level?

A. Near the threshold.
B. Near the uncomfortably loud level.
C. At the comfortable listening level.
D. At the ‘straining to hear’ level.

Answer 36

C. At the comfortable listening level.

Question 37

How may phonetically balanced words are used to determine word recognition?

A. 10 – 15.
B. 20 – 30.
C. 20 – 50.
D. 50 – 100.

Answer 37

C. 20 – 50.

Question 38

Persons with SNHL [sensorineural hearing loss] generally have good to excellent SDS [speech discrimination scores] WRS [word recognition scores]. (check all that apply)

A. True.
B. False.
C. It can depend on the duration of uncorrected HL [Hearing Loss].

Answer 38

A. and C.
(not 100% sure but just C. was incorrect)

Question 39

Immittance audiometry generally consists of three separate tests, which are:

A. Tympanometry, acoustic reflex thresholds, and reflex decay.
B. Tympanoplasty, Stapedial regeneration, and threshold reflex.
C. Myringoplasty, stapedectomy, and Otorrapathy.

Answer 39

A. Tympanometry, acoustic reflex thresholds, and reflex decay.

Question 40

Impedance is the _____ to the flow of acoustical signals.

A. Resistance.
B. Impedance.

Answer 40

A. Resistance.

Question 41

Admittance is the _____ of the flow of acoustical signals.

A. Resistance.
B. Ease.

Answer 41

B. Ease.

Question 41

The stapedius and tensor tympani muscle automatically contract when presented with loud sounds.

A. True.
B. False.

Answer 41

A. True.

Question 42

This test helps determine if the HL is sensorineural or conductive in origin.

Answer 42

A. True.

Question 43

The tympanometer is used for the following tests.

A. Electrocochleography.
B. Tympanometry.
C. Acoustical Stapedial Reflex.
D. Bone conduction tests.
E. None of the above.
F. B and c.

Answer 43

F. B and c.

Question 44

The primary acoustic reflex characteristics are:

A. Reflex threshold.
B. Pure tone threshold.
C. Reflex decay.
D. Presence of threshold.
E. Absence of threshold.
F. A, c, d, and e.

Answer 44

F. A, c, d, and e.

Question 45

The 10 second tone used to measure the stapedius muscle’s ability to maintain a sustained contraction is _____Hz.

A. 110.
B. 150.
C. 195.5.
D. 210.
E. 220.
F. None of the above.

Answer 45

E. 220.

Question 46

The acoustical reflex is primarily determined by:

A. The loudness of the tone.
B. The duration of the 220Hz tone.
C. The degree of HL.

Answer 46

C. The degree of HL.

Question 47

ASR is absent in HL greater than:

A. 40 dB SPL.
B. 30 dB SPL.
C. 50 dB SPL.
D. 80 dB SPL.

Answer 47

D. 80 dB SPL.

Question 48

ASR is normal in PTA of less than:

A. 20 dB SPL.
B. 30 dB SPL.
C. 40 dB SPL.
D. 50 dB SPL.

Answer 48

D. 50 dB SPL.

Question 49

The following tympanogram is considered:
(Top peak at 0, pyramid-shaped)
A. Type A, normal.
B. Type B, conductive HL, fluid-filled middle ear.
C. Type C, peaking at negative decaPascal pressure level indicating conductive HL.

Answer 49

A. Type A, normal.

Question 50

The tympanogram below demonstrates:
(flat wave all across)
A. Type A, normal.
B. Type B, no pressure, conductive HL, fluid-filled middle ear.
C. Type C, peaking at negative decaPascal pressure level, indicating conductive HL.

Answer 50

B. Type B, no pressure, conductive HL, fluid-filled middle ear.

Question 51

This tympanogram demonstrates:
(peak at -300)
A. Type A, normal.
B. Type B, conductive HL, fluid-filled middle ear.
C. Type C, peaking at negative decaPascal pressure level, indicating conductive HL at low and high frequencies and Eustachian tube condition.

Answer 51

C. Type C, peaking at negative decaPascal pressure level, indicating conductive HL at low and high frequencies and Eustachian tube condition.

Question 52

In acoustic reflex testing, the softest level which causes these muscles to contract is noted at several frequencies.

A. True.
B. False.

Answer 52

A. True.