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Hearing Aid Academy Quiz Study > Chapter 5 - Cochlear Physiology > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Cochlear Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

The cochlea is shaped like: (check all that apply)

A. A long tube filled with liquid.
B. A coiled tube with three components.
C. A snail.

A

A. A long tube filled with liquid.
B. A coiled tube with three components.
C. A snail.

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2
Q

The scala tympani lies _____ the cochlear duct (scala media) and terminates at the _____ window.

A. Above, round.
B. Below, oval.
C. Above, oval.
D. Below, round.

A

D. Below, round.

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3
Q

The cochlear duct contains:

A. Perilymph.
B. Ectoplasm.
C. Plasma.
D. Endolymph.

A

D. Endolymph.

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4
Q

The scala tympani and scala vestibuli converge at an opening called the:

A. Round window.
B. Oval window.
C. Saccule.
D. Utricle.
E. Helicotrema.

A

E. Helicotrema.

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5
Q

_____ separates the cochlear duct from the scala vestibuli.

A. Spiral vascularis.
B. Basilar membrane.
C. Dieter’s Cells.
D. Tectorial membrane.
E. Reissner’s membrane.

A

E. Reissner’s membrane.

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6
Q

The basilar membrane separates the cochlear duct from the scala tympani.

A. True.
B. False.

A

A. True.

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7
Q

The Organ of Corti is powered by the:

A. Endocochlear potential.
B. Endocochlear potential between the perilymph and CSF.
C. Endocochlear potential between the perilymph and cytoplasm.
D. Endocochlear potential between the perilymph and endolymph.

A

D. Endocochlear potential between the perilymph and endolymph.

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8
Q

Which hair cells are attached to the tectorial membrane?

A. Inner.
B. Outer.
C. Both.

A

B. Outer.

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9
Q

Hair cells are topped with _____.

A. Filaments.
B. Stereocilia.
C. Hair like ligaments.

A

B. Stereocilia.

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10
Q

Endolymph is similar to:

A. Cerebral spinal fluid.
B. Plasma.
C. Intracellular fluids.
D. Lymph.

A

C. Intracellular fluids.

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11
Q

Endolymph is high in the positive elecrolyte(s):

A. K+ (Potassium) and Na+ (Sodium).
B. Ca++ (Calcium) and Na+ (Sodium).
C. Ca++ only.
D. K+ only.
E. Na+ only.

A

D. K+ only.

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12
Q

Perilymph is high in _____ and low in _____.

A. K=, Na+.
B. Mn+, Ca++.
C. Na+, Ca++.
D. Na+, C.
E. Na+, K+.

A

E. Na+, K+.

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13
Q

The flow of electrolytes from the endolymph to the stria vascularis is what type of flow? (check all that apply)

A. Circular.
B. Oblong.
C. Radial.
D. Electrolytic.
E. Called the Sodium Potassium pump.

A

C. Radial.
D. Electrolytic.
E. Called the Sodium Potassium pump.

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14
Q

As Na+ is pumped from the Spiral ligament through the basal cilia and the marginal cells back to the perilymph, _____ is pumped from the perilymph to the endolymph.

A. Ca++.
B. Co+.
C. Elemental Carbon.
D. K+.

A

D. K+.

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15
Q

The scala vestibuli has a potential of 5 mV with respect to the _____.

A. Scala media.
B. Scala tympani.

A

B. Scala tympani.

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16
Q

The scala media (cochlear duct) has a potential of _____ .

A. 5 mV.
B. 10 mV.
C. 50 mV.
D. 70 mV.
E. 80 mV.

A

E. 80 mV.

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17
Q

Since the Volt is the unit for power, the endocochlear potential serves as the _____ for the transduction process in the cochlea.

A. Minor contributor.
B. Major contributor.
C. Driving force.

A

C. Driving force.

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18
Q

Perilymph waves are created at the oval window via ossicular action.

A. True.
B. False.

A

A. True.

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19
Q

The wave action originates in the _____.

A. Scala media.
B. Cochlear duct.
C. Scala vestibuli.
D. Scala tectorum.
E. Scala tympani.

A

C. Scala vestibuli.

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20
Q

The wave displaces the _____.

A. Spiral ligament.
B. Tectorial membrane.
C. Basilar membrane.

A

C. Basilar membrane.

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21
Q

This wave action also ‘displaces’ the _____.

A. Tectorial membrane.
B. Inner hair cells.
C. Organ of Dieter.
D. Organ of Corti.

A

D. Organ of Corti.

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22
Q

The basilar membrane motion’s frequency is _____ to the frequency of the sound.

A. Close to.
B. Similar to.
C. Directly related to.
D. Not relevant to.

A

C. Directly related to.

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23
Q

The specific point at which the basilar wave reaches its maximum peak, or amplitude, is specifically, uniformly based on the _____ of the stimulus.

A. Amplitude.
B. Intensity.
C. Complexity.
D. Frequency.
F. None of the above.

A

D. Frequency.

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24
Q

Lower frequencies create a maximum amplitude near the _____ of the cochlea.

A. Apex.
B. Base.
C. Midpoint
D. At the round window.

A

A. Apex.

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25
Q

Higher frequencies of stimuli create maximum amplitude in basilar motion near the _____ of the cochlea. (check all that apply)

A. Apex.
B. Base.
C. Midpoint.
D. Near the round window.
E. Nearer to the oval window.

A

B. Base.

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26
Q

The wave travels along the basilar membrane until it reaches the point of maximum sensitivity to that specific frequency. At that point, it _____.

A. Dies down.
B. Smooths out.
C. Peaks instantly then dies down immediately.
D. Washes ashore…

A

C. Peaks instantly then dies down immediately.

27
Q

Hair cells have a resting Voltage potential of _____ mV.

A. 80.
B. 0.
C. -20.
D. -40 to -80.
E. -120.

A

D. -40 to -80.

28
Q

Hair cells reside in _____ but the stereocilia are bathed in _____.

A. endolymph, perilymph.
B. Perilymph, CSF.
C. Perilymph, CSF.
D. Perilymph, endolymph.

A

D. Perilymph, endolymph.

29
Q

The potential difference at the apical membrane of the hair cells is, then, _____.

A. 40 mV.
B. 20 mV.
C. 60 mV.
D. 100 mV.
E. 120 – 140 mV.

A

E. 120 – 140 mV.

30
Q

The tectorial membrane and endolymph move along with the basilar membrane.

A. True.
B. False.

A

B. False.

31
Q

The hair cell bodies move with the basilar membrane.

A. True.
B. False.

A

A. True.

32
Q

The sterocilia are surrounded by mobile/immobile components of the Organ of Corti.

A. Mobile.
B. Immobile.

A

B. Immobile.

33
Q

The wave action which bends the cilia toward the _____ row of the cilia _____ the channel (gate) into which K+ ions enter the cells from the endolymph.

A. Shortest, closing.
B. Shortest, opening.
C. Tallest, closing.
D. Tallest, opening.

A

D. Tallest, opening.

34
Q

What drives the K+ into the cells is the electrical gradient of 120 to 140 mV.

A. True.
B. False.

A

A. True.

35
Q

The influx of K+ ions result in a _____ of the hair cell.

A. Neutralization.
B. Hyperpolarization.
C. Depolarization.

A

C. Depolarization.

36
Q

Wave action of the basilar membrane causes _____.

A. Up and down action which pushes sterocilia through the basilar membrane.
B. Shearing of the hair cells which bend the stereocilia.

A

B. Shearing of the hair cells which bend the stereocilia.

37
Q

When the stereocilia are moved in the opposite direction, the gates then close, thus causing a _____ which results from stopping the flow of K+.

A. Depolarization.
B. Neutralization.
C. Hyperpolarization.

A

C. Hyperpolarization.

38
Q

The tips of the stereocilia are linked to each other.

A. True.
B. False.

A

A. True.

39
Q

When bending of the tall stereocilum pulls adjacent cilia toward it, the channels for the flow of K+ _____.

A. Close.
B. Don’t move.
C. Open.

A

C. Open.

40
Q

When the tallest stereocilium moves back to the resting position, the smaller stereocilia settle back into their resting position, causing the gates (channels) to _____.

A. Open.
B. Close.
C. Neither.

A

B. Close.

41
Q

By themselves, the stereocilia also amplify sound.

A. True.
B. False.

A

A. True.

42
Q

When the motors (myosin motors) adjust the links’ tension, an oscillation of the stereocilia occurs.

A. True.
B. False.

A

A. True.

43
Q

The depolarization of IHCs activates afferent nerve fibers.

A. True.
B. False.

A

A. True.

44
Q

IHCs act as motor receptors.

A. True.
B. False.
C. False. They act as sensory receptors.

A

C. False. They act as sensory receptors.

45
Q

The complete cycle of stereociliar motion causes a cycle of:

A. Sound amplification.
B. Wave smoothing.
C. Noise buffering.
E. Depolarization and Hyperpolarization.

A

E. Depolarization and Hyperpolarization.

46
Q

Since this cycle alternates and results from an electrical potential, it can be measured as an alternating current.

A. True.
B. False.

A

A. True.

47
Q

The base of IHCs contain vesicles full of _____.

A. K+.
B. Na+.
C. Ca++.

A

C. Ca++.

48
Q

As IHC depolarization occurs, K+ _____ the cell and _____ enters the cell.

A. Enters, Na+.
B. Enters, C.
C. Leaves, Ca++

A

C. Leaves, Ca++

49
Q

The cation Calcium++ activates Glutamate from the vesicles at the base of the IHC.

A. True.
B. False.

A

A. True.

50
Q

Glutamate is a _____.

A. Supporting element.
B. Vesicular component.
C. Dendritic cell component.
D. Neurotransmitter found throughout the body.

A

D. Neurotransmitter found throughout the body.

51
Q

Glutamate binds the efferent nerve terminals that sends the signal to the brain.

A. True
B. False.

A

B. False.

52
Q

Each IHC is connected to a single dendrite, an afferent nerve fiber ending.

A. True.
B. False.

A

A. True.

53
Q

In the hearing organ, _____% of the afferent nerve terminals synapse on IHCs, transmitting sensory signals.

A. 5.
B. 25.
C. 50.
D. 75.
E. 95.
F. None of the above.

A

E. 95.

54
Q

The depolarization of OHCs is identical to that of IHCs.

A. True.
B. False.

A

B. False.

55
Q

OHCs are heavily ennervated by afferent nerve fibers.

A. True.
B. False.

A

B. False.

56
Q

OHCs _____ the acoustic signal.

A. Moderate.
B. Minimize.
C. Attenuate.
D. Amplify.

A

D. Amplify.

57
Q

The OHC can change it’s length, which is due to its _____.

A. Motility.
B. Intracellular properties.
C. Motor properties.
D. Attachment to the tectorial membrane.

A

C. Motor properties.

58
Q

OHC movement, elongation and contraction, stems from depolarization and polarization.

A. True.
B. False.

A

A. True.

59
Q

This action _____ the basilar membrane.

A. Restricts.
B. Follows.
C. Sends a message to the IHC.
D. Magnifies the IHC response.
E. Augments the basilar membrane ‘amplitude.’

A

E. Augments the basilar membrane ‘amplitude.’

60
Q

OHCs are _____. (check all that apply)

A. Flask like.
B. Long, thin cylinders.
C. Fequency specific.
D. Driven by Cl- concentrations in their cells.
E. Capable of adding 5% to their length.

A

B. Long, thin cylinders.
C. Fequency specific.
D. Driven by Cl- concentrations in their cells.
E. Capable of adding 5% to their length.

61
Q

The volume of OHCs change when they contract laterally and expand in length.

A. True.
B. False.

A

B. False.

62
Q

During depolarization, a protein changes its shape in proportion to the OHC\’s voltage changes (CL-), causing the OHC to shorten and thicken. This protein is _____ and is termed a _____.

A. Chlorate, stiffner.
B. Prestane, relaxer.
C. Prestin, motor protein.
D. Adenosine triphosphate, motor protein.

A

C. Prestin, motor protein.

63
Q

During hyperpolarization, a protein changes its shape in proportion to the OHC’s voltage changes (CL-), causing the OHC to elongate.

A. True.
B. False.

A

A. True.

Hearing Aid Academy Quiz Study (13 decks)

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