Chapter 4 - Anatomy and Physics Flashcards
The outer ear begins at the _____ and ends at the _____.
A. Tragus, stapes.
B. Internal canal, malleus
C. Antitragus, cochlea
D. cymba conchae, tympanic membrane
E. Pinna, tympanic membrane
E. Pinna, tympanic membrane
Ossicular order is:
A. Ligament, malleus, and stirrup
B. Spiral malleus muscle, hammer, and anvil.
C. Hammer, anvil, and oval window.
D. Malleus, anvil, and stapedius.
E. Malleus, incus, and stapes.
F. hammer, anvil, and stirrup.
E. Malleus, incus, and stapes.
The EAC is:
A. One to one and a half inches long.
B. Made up of five layers of thin skin.
C. Tortuous.
D. Roughly ‘S’ shaped.
E. All of the above.
F. a, c, and d.
F. a, c, and d.
Which part of the inner ear contains the same fluids as found in the cochlea, crucial for balance and hearing?
A. The auditory tube.
B. The ossicles.
C. The semicircular canals.
D. The eustachian tube
C. The semicircular canals.
The cochlea makes _____ turns by the time it reaches the apex.
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 4.5
E. 5
F. Each ear is different.
C. 4
There are spiral ganglia in the inner ear.
A. True.
B. False.
A. True.
The smallest bone in the human body is the:
A. Micro-phalangeal process.
B. Malleus.
C. Incus.
D. Stapes.
E. Stapedius ligament.
D. Stapes.
The helicotrema is located at the _____ of the _____.
A. Base, cochlea
B. Apex, Semi-circular canals.
C. Base, semi-circular canals.
D. Apex, cochlea.
D. Apex, cochlea.
The latin name for duct is:
A. Duct.
B. Ampulla.
C. Sacculus.
D. Scala.
E. None of the above.
D. Scala.
The latin name for pouch is:
A. Saccule.
B. Ampulla.
C. Utricle.
D. Lateral.
A. Saccule.
The round window is positioned at:
A. The end of the cochlea.
B. The apex of the auditory nerve.
C. The apex of the oval window.
D. The base of the cochlea.
D. The base of the cochlea.
The cochlea is comprised of _____ ducts (scalae) which are the _____ and _____.
A. 1, posterior.
B. 2, anterior and posterior.
C. 2, round and oval.
D. 2, vestibular and cochlear.
E. 2, tympanic and vestibular.
E. 2, tympanic and vestibular.
A nerve approaches the brain or leads away from the brain. An afferent travels _____ the brain while the efferent nerve travels _____ the brain.
A. to, from.
B. from, to.
A. to, from.
The cochlear duct is filled with _____ fluid.
A. cerebral spinal.
B. cytoplasmic.
C. ectoplasmic.
D. ectoplasmic.
E. endolymphatic.
E. endolymphatic.
The scala tympani and vestibuli contain _____ fluid.
A. plasma.
B. blood by-products.
C. lymphatic.
D. perilymphatic.
E. cochlear.
D. perilymphatic.
At the base of hair cells, you will find the _____.
A. Tectorial membrane.
B. Spiral ligament.
C. Bony process.
D. Reissner’s membrane.
E. Basilar membrane.
E. Basilar membrane.
The long, straight, thin membrane separating the vestibular duct (scala vestibuli) from the cochlear duct is the _____.
A. Tectorial membrane.
B. Strial vascularis.
C. Basilar membrane.
D. Atricle.
E. Porcularis membranous.
F. Reissner’s membrane.
F. Reissner’s membrane.
The tectorial membrane rests near the apex of the hair cells.
A. True.
B. False.
A. True.
Stria vascularis is bathed in _____.
A. Perilymph.
B. Endolymph.
B. Endolymph.
The _____ is covered by the tectorial membrane.
A. Outer hair cells.
B. Inner hair cells.
C. Organ of Corti.
D. Vascular corti.
C. Organ of Corti.
Outer and inner hair cells are separated by: (check all that apply)
A. Space of Nuel.
B. The habenula perforata.
C. The tectorial membrane.
D. Tunnel of Corti.
E. Basilar membrane.
F. One answer is missing.
A. Space of Nuel.
D. Tunnel of Corti.
Outer hair cells resemble:
A. Short, fat stubs.
B. Flasks.
C. Thin cylinders.
D. Triangular cells.
E. Squamous cells.
C. Thin cylinders.
The end tip of the tectorial membrane is found:
A. At the end of inner hair cells.
B. At the edge of stria vascularis.
C. In perilymph.
D. At the helicotrema.
E. At the end of outer hair cells.
E. At the end of outer hair cells.
Inner hair cells resemble: (check all that apply)
A. A fat teardrop.
B. A flask.
C. A pencil.
D. A small dumbell.
A. A fat teardrop.
B. A flask.
Hair cells’ sensorial stereocilia are bathed in:
A. Perilymph.
B. Cerebral spinal fluid.
C. Ectoplasm.
D. Endolymph.
E. Vascular plasma.
D. Endolymph.
Inner hair cells are positioned:
A. In a circle.
B. At right angles to each other.
C. In a straight line.
D. Randomly.
C. In a straight line.
Outer hair cells are positioned: (check all that apply)
A. At right angles in rows.
B. In staggered fashion.
C. In odd angles.
D. On the cuticular plate.
A. At right angles in rows.
D. On the cuticular plate.
Hair cells are fully developed _____.
A. In the second trimester.
B. At 30 weeks gestation.
C. At 25 weeks gestation.
D. At 10 weeks gestation.
D. At 10 weeks gestation.
OHCs and IHCs have regenerative potential.
A. True.
B. False.
B. False.
The NPAP carries messages from:
A. Various sensory stimuli.
B. The cochlea only.
C. Pain centers.
D. Only the head.
E. The vestibular organ.
A. Various sensory stimuli.
The PAP carries messages exclusively from the _____ to the brain.
A. Efferent nerve endings.
B. Radial and medial efferent nerve endings.
C. Lateral stereocilia.
D. Outer hair cells type III neurons.
E. Cochlea.
E. Cochlea.
PAP nerves end in the:
A. Cochlea.
B. Inner ear.
C. Brain stem.
D. Primary auditory cortex.
E. None of the above.
F. Medial cranial sulci.
D. Primary auditory cortex.
The PAP is made up of _____ relays.
A. 2
B. 3
C. 6
D. 8
E. 3 to 4
F. 4 to 5
E. 3 to 4
Where does the initial signal relay from the cochlear nuclei take place?
A. Spinal cord.
B. Spiral ganglia.
C. Brain stem.
D. Cerebral cortex
C. Brain stem.
At the third relay, a third neuron carries the auditory message to the mesencephalus where sound is _____.
A. Split into various signals.
B. Combined from the opposite ear.
C. Localized.
D. Compartmented into tonotopic bands.
C. Localized.
Which center of the brain is known to process sensory information?
A. Hypothalamus.
B. Cortex.
C. Neo-cortex.
D. Thalamus.
D. Thalamus.
Sound is defined as:
A. Vibrations of air.
B. Collisions of particles.
C. Vibrations of particles in air, water, or solids.
D. Vibrations of matter.
E. Audible vibrations of matter.
E. Audible vibrations of matter.
The final processing auditory pathway (PAP)connects which area to the auditory cortex, where the information is then process and incorporated into a response?
A. The Thalamus;analyzed and integrated.
B. The Hypothalamus;sorted and activated.
C. The Cortex;filtered and relayed.
D. The cerebellum; perceived and responded to.
A. The Thalamus;analyzed and integrated.
The NPAP is responsible for:
A. The joining of pain sensations and hearing.
B. The filtering of other sensory messages from hearing.
C. The joining of auditory and other sensory messages.
D. The regulation of balance and spatial orientation
C. The joining of auditory and other sensory messages.
Sound radiates:
A. Linearly.
B. Radially in one line.
C. Radially in all directions from its source.
C. Radially in all directions from its source.
In hearing aid education, “I” describes the power or magnitude of sound, important for understanding sound amplification for hearing loss. What does “I” stand for? :
A. Power.
B. Decibels.
C. Intensity.
D. Induction.
C. Intensity.
The energy twice as far from a source is spread over _____ times the area.
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
E. 6
C. 4
The energy 25 times as far from the source is spread over _____ times the area.
A. 5
B. 10
C. 20
D. 25
E. 50
D. 25
A sound wave is both:______ &_____ and ______& _____. (check the two that apply)
A. Longitudinal and loud.
B. Mechanical and longitudinal.
C. Loud and soft.
D. Radial and mechanical.
D. Radial and mechanical.
Not sure what the other one is, but it is not A
Intensity equals:
A. Intensity per square inch.
B. Power per decibel.
C. Watts per meter squared.
D. Power per unit of area.
D. Power per unit of area.
The measurement of sound’s intensity is most commonly denoted by:
A. A ratio of different sounds.
B. The intensity of the logarithm.
C. The ratio of ten times the logarithm with the base ten of one intensity divided by a reference intensity.
C. The ratio of ten times the logarithm with the base ten of one intensity divided by a reference intensity.
The logarithm is the power of ten of the sound intensity expressed as a multiple of the threshold of hearing intensity.
A. True.
B. False.
A. True.
JND is the:
A. Just notable distinction in sound.
B. Just noticable difference in loudness.
C. Just noticable difference in sound levels.
D. Joint neural detection mechanism.
C. Just noticable difference in sound levels.
Intensity, measurable, is:
A. Subjective.
B. Objective.
C. The same as loudness.
D. Is a pressure measurement.
B. Objective.
The rule of thumb for loudness is that the power of a sound must be increaed by a factor of _____ to sound twice as loud.
A. 2
B. 12
C. 20
D. 10
E. 100
D. 10
Equal intensity sounds have equal loudnesses to the ear.
A. True.
B. False
B. False
If a given sound is perceived to be as loud as a 60 dB sound at 1000 Hz, then it is said to have a loudness of 60 phons.
A. True.
B. False.
A. True.
60 phons means “as loud as a 80 dB, 1000 Hz tone.”
A. True.
B. False.
B. False.
The range for orchestral music is _____ to _____ phons.
A. 30, 120.
B. 40, 90.
C. 50, 1000.
D. 40, 100.
E. 35, 110.
F. None of the above.
D. 40, 100.
If 40 phons equals one sone, then 50 phons of loudness equals _____ sones.
A. 12
B. 8
C. 6
D. 4
E. 2
E. 2
