Chapter 6 Pathology, Diagnostic, Therapeutic, Pharmacology

Question 1

dyscrasia

Answer 1

presence of disease affecting blood

Question 2

hematoma

Answer 2

blood under skin - blood escapes into tissue from damaged vessels - bruise

Question 3

thrombus

Answer 3

hard collection of fibrin, BC, tissue debris - end of hemostasis - stops bleeding - hurtful if in blood vessel - blood clot

Question 4

hemophilia

Answer 4

hereditary - clotting prolonged - sex linked from fem to male - almost all in male

Question 5

septicemia

Answer 5

bacteria or toxins in bloodstream - sepsis - blood poisoning

Question 6

anemia

Answer 6

group of conditions - penia of RBC or hemoglobin - less oxygen to tissues

Question 7

aplastic anemia

Answer 7

severe anemia - red bone marrow not functioning - penia of all formed elements - bone marrow transplant

Question 8

hemolytic reaction

Answer 8

destruction of RBC - when retrieving incompatible blood transfusion

Question 9

hypochromic anemia

Answer 9

penia of hemoglobin

Question 10

pernicious anemia

Answer 10

insufficient absorption vit b12 by digestive system - b12 essential in RBC production

Question 11

polycythemia vera

Answer 11

too many blood cells produced by bone marrow

Question 12

thalassemia

Answer 12

unable to produce functioning hemoglobin - results in anemia

Question 13

leukemia

Answer 13

cancer in red bone marrow - abnormal & immature leukocytes

Question 14

lymphocytic leukemia

Answer 14

leukemia - abnormal WBC are lymphocytes

Question 15

myeloid leukemia

Answer 15

leukemia - abnormal leukocytes are granulocytes

Question 16

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Answer 16

test for rate for mature RBC to settle after addition of anticoagulant

Question 17

hematocrit

Answer 17

test measures volume of RBC in total volume of blood

Question 18

prothrombin time

Answer 18

blood’s coagulation abilities

Question 19

red blood cell morphology

Answer 19

detects diseases such as sickle cell anemia

Question 20

white blood cell differential

Answer 20

determines number of each leukocyte

Question 21

bone marrow aspiration

Answer 21

removal with needle - bone marrow sample - for leukemia or aplastic anemia

Question 22

autologous transfusion

Answer 22

collection of patient blood weeks prior to need

Question 23

packed red cells

Answer 23

transfusion where only erythrocytes are present

Question 24

additive

Answer 24

sum of action of two or more drugs

Question 25

contraindication

Answer 25

when a particular drug shouldn’t be used

Question 26

potentiation

Answer 26

giving second drug to boost effect of first drug

Question 27

antiplatelet agents

Answer 27

prolongs bleeding time - prevent heart attacks and strokes

Question 28

fibrinolytics

Answer 28

dissolve blood clots

Question 29

hematinic

Answer 29

increase RBC or hemoglobin in blood

Question 30

hives

Answer 30

wheals from allergic reaction

Question 31

urticaria

Answer 31

itching associated with hives - food allergy, stress, drug reaction

Question 32

elephantiasis

Answer 32

inflammation, obstruction, destruction of lymph vessels in tissues from edema

Question 33

hodgkin’s disease

Answer 33

cancer of lymphatic cells - concentrated in lymph nodes

Question 34

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Answer 34

defect in cell mediated immunity - infections in late stage HIV - attacks T4 lymphocytes

Question 35

AIDS related complex

Answer 35

early AIDS - mild symptoms - weight loss, fatigue, skin rash, anorexia

Question 36

graft versus host disease

Answer 36

complication in bone marrow transplant - donor cells attack host tissues

Question 37

kaposi’s sarcoma

Answer 37

skin cancer frequent in AIDS patients - brownish purple papules - metastasize to internal organs

Question 38

multiple myeloma

Answer 38

in plasma cells - collect in bone marrow - bone marrow tumor may spread to skeleton

Question 39

pneumocystis pneumonia

Answer 39

pneumonia - weakened immune system such as AIDS patients - pneumocystis jiroveci fungus

Question 40

sarcoidosis

Answer 40

autoimmune disease - fibrous legions in lymph nodes, liver, skin, lungs, spleen, eyes, small bones of hands and feet

Question 41

severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome

Answer 41

disease in children with nonfunctioning immune system - forced live in sterile rooms

Question 42

carbapenem resistant enterobacteriacea

Answer 42

infection by bacteria with resistance to antibiotics called carbapenems - almost all occur in healthcare settings

Question 43

clostridium difficile infection

Answer 43

inflammation of colon - diarrhea, nausea, fever, abdominal pain

Question 44

methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus infection

Answer 44

bacteria resistant to common antibiotics - spread through contain of contaminated surface

Question 45

antinuclear antibody test

Answer 45

test to diagnose autoimmune disease

Question 46

lymphangiography

Answer 46

x-ray of lymph vessels - injection of dye in foot

Question 47

monospot

Answer 47

test for infectious mononucleosis

Question 48

corticosteroids

Answer 48

adrenal cortex hormone - strong anti inflammatory properties - treatment autoimmune disease

Question 49

protease inhibitor drugs

Answer 49

inhibit protease enzyme that viruses need

Question 50

reverse transcriptase inhibitor drugs

Answer 50

inhibit reverse transcriptase enzyme needed by viruses