Chapter 4 Skeletal Diagnostic, Therapeutic, and Pharmacology

Question 1

Arthrogram

Answer 1

X-ray record of a joint, usually taken after joint has been injected by contrast medium

Question 2

Arthrography

Answer 2

Process of X-raying a joint, usually after injection of contrast medium into joint space

Question 3

Bone Scan

Answer 3

Nuclear medicine procedure in which patient is given radioactive dye and then scanning equipment is used to visualize bones; especially useful in identifying stress fractures, observing progress of treatment for osteomyelitis, and locating cancer metastases to bone

Question 4

Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry

Answer 4

Measurement of bone density using low-dose X-ray for purpose of detecting osteoporosis

Question 5

Myelogram

Answer 5

X-ray record of spinal column after injection of opaque dye

Question 6

Myelography

Answer 6

Study of spinal column after injecting opaque contrast material; particularly useful in identifying herniated nucleus pulposus pinching a spinal nerve

Question 7

Radiograph

Answer 7

Image produced by X-rays striking photographic film; commonly referred to as an X-ray

Question 8

Radiography

Answer 8

Diagnostic imaging procedure using X-rays to study internal structure of body; especially useful for visualizing bones and joints

Question 9

Arthroscope

Answer 9

Instrument used to view inside a joint

Question 10

Arthroscopy

Answer 10

Examination of interior of a joint by entering joint with arthroscope; arthroscope contains small television camera that allows physician to view interior of joint on monitor during procedure; some joint conditions can be repaired during arthroscopy

Question 11

Arthrocentesis

Answer 11

Involves insertion of a needle into joint cavity in order to remove or aspirate fluid; may be done to remove excess fluid from a joint or to obtain fluid for examination

Question 12

Orthotic

Answer 12

Orthopedic appliance, such as brace or splint, used to prevent or correct deformities

Question 13

Prosthesis

Answer 13

Artificial device used as a substitute for body part that is either congenitally missing or absent as a result of accident or disease; example would be an artificial leg

Question 14

Amputation

Answer 14

Partial or complete removal of a limb for a variety of reasons, including tumors, gangrene, intractable pain, crushing injury, or uncontrollable infection

Question 15

Arthroclasia

Answer 15

To forcibly break loose a fused joint while patient is under anesthetic; fusion usually caused by buildup of scar tissue or adhesions

Question 16

Arthrodesis

Answer 16

Procedure to stabilize a joint by fusing bones together

Question 17

Arthroscopic Surgery

Answer 17

Performing a surgical procedure while using arthroscope to view internal structure, such as a joint

Question 18

Arthrotomy

Answer 18

Surgical procedure that cuts into a joint capsule

Question 19

Bone Graft

Answer 19

Piece of bone taken from patient used to take the place of removed bone or bony defect at another site

Question 20

Bunionectomy

Answer 20

Removal of bursa at joint of great toe

Question 21

Bursectomy

Answer 21

Surgical removal of a bursa

Question 22

Chondrectomy

Answer 22

Surgical removal of cartilage

Question 23

Chondroplasty

Answer 23

Surgical repair of cartilage

Question 24

Craniotomy

Answer 24

Surgical procedure that cuts into skull

Question 25

Laminectomy

Answer 25

Removal of vertebral posterior arch to correct severe back problems and pain caused by compression of spinal nerve

Question 26

Osteoclasia

Answer 26

Surgical procedure involving intentional breaking of bone to correct a deformity

Question 27

Osteotome

Answer 27

Instrument used to cut bone

Question 28

Osteotomy

Answer 28

Surgical procedure that cuts into a bone

Question 29

Percutaneous Diskectomy

Answer 29

Thin catheter tube is inserted into intervertebral disk through skin and herniated or ruptured disk material is sucked out or a laser is used to vaporize it

Question 30

Spinal Fusion

Answer 30

Surgical immobilization of adjacent vertebrae; may be done for several reasons, including correction for herniated disk

Question 31

Synovectomy

Answer 31

Surgical removal of synovial membrane

Question 32

Total Hip Athroplasty

Answer 32

Surgical reconstruction of hip by implanting prosthetic or artificial hip joint; also called total hip replacement (THR)

Question 33

Total Knee Arthroplasty

Answer 33

Surgical reconstruction of knee joint by implanting prosthetic knee joint; also called total knee replacement (TKR)

Question 34

Cast

Answer 34

Application of solid material to immobilize extremity or portion of body as a result of fracture, dislocation, or severe injury; may be made of plaster of Paris or fiberglass

Question 35

Fixation

Answer 35

Procedure to stabilize fractured bone while it heals; external fixation includes casts, splints, and pins inserted through skin; internal fixation includes pins, plates, rods, screws, and wires that are applied during open reduction

Question 36

Reduction

Answer 36

Correcting fracture by realigning bone fragments; closed reduction is doing manipulation without entering body; open reduction is process of making surgical incision at site of fracture to do reduction; necessary when bony fragments need to be removed or internal fixation, such as plates or pins, is required

Question 37

Traction

Answer 37

Applying a pulling force on fractured or dislocated limb or vertebral column in order to restore normal alignment

Question 38

Bone Reabsorption Inhibitors

Answer 38

Conditions that result in weak and fragile bones, such as osteoporosis and Paget’s disease, are improved by medications that inhibit reabsorption of bones alendronate, Fosamax; ibandronate, Boniva

Question 39

Calcium Supplements and Vitamin D Therapy

Answer 39

Maintaining high blood levels of calcium in association with vitamin D helps maintain bone density; used to treat osteomalacia, osteoporosis, and rickets calcium carbonate, Oystercal, Tums; calcium citrate, Cal-Citrate, Citracal

Question 40

Corticosteroids

Answer 40

Natural or synthetic adrenal cortex hormone; has very strong anti-inflammatory properties; particularly useful in treating rheumatoid arthritis prednisone; methylprednisolone, Medrol; dexamethasone, Decadron

Question 41

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

Answer 41

Large group of drugs (other than corticosteroids) that provide mild pain relief and anti-inflammatory benefits for conditions such as arthritis ibuprofen, Advil, Motrin; naproxen, Aleve, Naprosyn; aspirin, Bayer’s, Bufferin