Chapter 4 Muscle Pathology

Question 1

Kinesiology

Answer 1

Science that studies movement, how it is produced, and muscles involved

Question 2

Occupational Therapy

Answer 2

Assists persons to regain, develop, and improve skills important for independent functioning (activities of daily living); specialist is occupational therapist

Question 3

Physical Medicine

Answer 3

Branch of medicine focused on restoring function; primarily cares for patients with musculoskeletal and nervous system disorders; physician is physiatrist

Question 4

Physical Therapy

Answer 4

Evaluation and treatment of disorders and rehabilitation of people using physical methods such as heat, cold, massage, and exercise; specialist is physical therapist

Question 5

Adhesion

Answer 5

Scar tissue forming in fascia surrounding muscle, making it difficult to stretch muscle

Question 6

Atonia

Answer 6

Lack of muscle tone

Question 7

Atrophy

Answer 7

Poor muscle development as a result of muscle disease, nervous system disease, or lack of use; commonly referred to as muscle wasting

Question 8

Bradykinesia

Answer 8

Having slow movements

Question 9

Contracture

Answer 9

Abnormal shortening of muscle fibers, tendons, or fascia, making it difficult to stretch muscle

Question 10

Dyskinesia

Answer 10

Having difficult or abnormal movement

Question 11

Dystonia

Answer 11

Having abnormal muscle tone

Question 12

Hyperkinesia

Answer 12

Having excessive amount of movement

Question 13

Hypertonia

Answer 13

Having excessive muscle tone

Question 14

Hypertrophy

Answer 14

Increase in muscle bulk as a result of use, as with lifting weights

Question 15

Hypokinesia

Answer 15

Having insufficient amount of movement

Question 16

Hypotonia

Answer 16

Having insufficient muscle tone

Question 17

Intermittent Claudication

Answer 17

Attacks of severe pain and lameness caused by ischemia of muscles, typically calf muscles; brought on by walking even very short distances

Question 18

Myalgia

Answer 18

Muscle pain

Question 19

Myasthenia

Answer 19

Muscle weakness

Question 20

Myotonia

Answer 20

Muscle tone

Question 21

Spasm

Answer 21

Sudden involuntary strong muscle contraction

Question 22

Tenodynia

Answer 22

Tendon pain

Question 23

Fibromyalgia

Answer 23

Condition with widespread aching and pain in muscles and soft tissue

Question 24

Lateral Epicondylitis

Answer 24

Inflammation of muscle attachment to lateral epicondyle of elbow; often caused by strongly gripping; commonly called tennis elbow

Question 25

Muscular Dystrophy

Answer 25

Inherited disease causing progressive muscle degeneration, weakness, and atrophy

Question 26

Myopathy

Answer 26

General term for muscle disease

Question 27

Myorrhexis

Answer 27

Tearing a muscle

Question 28

Necrotizing Fasciitis

Answer 28

Infection, usually bacterial, that results in death of body’s soft tissue (skin, fat, and fascia); commonly called flesh-eating disease

Question 29

Polymyositis

Answer 29

Simultaneous inflammation of two or more muscles

Question 30

Pseudohypertrophic Muscular Dystrophy

Answer 30

Type of inherited muscular dystrophy in which muscle tissue is gradually replaced by fatty tissue, giving appearance of a healthy and strong muscle; also called Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy

Question 31

Torticollis

Answer 31

Severe neck spasms pulling head to one side; commonly called wryneck or a crick in the neck

Question 32

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Answer 32

Repetitive motion disorder with pain caused by compression of finger flexor tendons and median nerve as they pass through carpal tunnel of wrist

Question 33

Ganglion Cyst

Answer 33

Cyst that forms on tendon sheath, usually on hand, wrist, or ankle

Question 34

Repetitive Motion Disorder

Answer 34

Group of chronic disorders involving tendon, muscle, joint, and nerve damage, resulting from tissue being subjected to pressure, vibration, or repetitive movements for prolonged periods

Question 35

Rotator Cuff Injury

Answer 35

Rotator cuff consists of joint capsule of shoulder joint reinforced by tendons from several shoulder muscles; high degree of flexibility at shoulder joint puts rotator cuff at risk for strain and tearing

Question 36

Strain

Answer 36

Damage to muscle, tendons, or ligaments due to overuse or overstretching

Question 37

Tendinitis

Answer 37

Inflammation of a tendon