Chapter 4 Muscle Pathology Flashcards
Kinesiology
Science that studies movement, how it is produced, and muscles involved
Occupational Therapy
Assists persons to regain, develop, and improve skills important for independent functioning (activities of daily living); specialist is occupational therapist
Physical Medicine
Branch of medicine focused on restoring function; primarily cares for patients with musculoskeletal and nervous system disorders; physician is physiatrist
Physical Therapy
Evaluation and treatment of disorders and rehabilitation of people using physical methods such as heat, cold, massage, and exercise; specialist is physical therapist
Adhesion
Scar tissue forming in fascia surrounding muscle, making it difficult to stretch muscle
Atonia
Lack of muscle tone
Atrophy
Poor muscle development as a result of muscle disease, nervous system disease, or lack of use; commonly referred to as muscle wasting
Bradykinesia
Having slow movements
Contracture
Abnormal shortening of muscle fibers, tendons, or fascia, making it difficult to stretch muscle
Dyskinesia
Having difficult or abnormal movement
Dystonia
Having abnormal muscle tone
Hyperkinesia
Having excessive amount of movement
Hypertonia
Having excessive muscle tone
Hypertrophy
Increase in muscle bulk as a result of use, as with lifting weights
Hypokinesia
Having insufficient amount of movement
Hypotonia
Having insufficient muscle tone
Intermittent Claudication
Attacks of severe pain and lameness caused by ischemia of muscles, typically calf muscles; brought on by walking even very short distances
Myalgia
Muscle pain
Myasthenia
Muscle weakness
Myotonia
Muscle tone
Spasm
Sudden involuntary strong muscle contraction
Tenodynia
Tendon pain
Fibromyalgia
Condition with widespread aching and pain in muscles and soft tissue
Lateral Epicondylitis
Inflammation of muscle attachment to lateral epicondyle of elbow; often caused by strongly gripping; commonly called tennis elbow
Muscular Dystrophy
Inherited disease causing progressive muscle degeneration, weakness, and atrophy
Myopathy
General term for muscle disease
Myorrhexis
Tearing a muscle
Necrotizing Fasciitis
Infection, usually bacterial, that results in death of body’s soft tissue (skin, fat, and fascia); commonly called flesh-eating disease
Polymyositis
Simultaneous inflammation of two or more muscles
Pseudohypertrophic Muscular Dystrophy
Type of inherited muscular dystrophy in which muscle tissue is gradually replaced by fatty tissue, giving appearance of a healthy and strong muscle; also called Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy
Torticollis
Severe neck spasms pulling head to one side; commonly called wryneck or a crick in the neck
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Repetitive motion disorder with pain caused by compression of finger flexor tendons and median nerve as they pass through carpal tunnel of wrist
Ganglion Cyst
Cyst that forms on tendon sheath, usually on hand, wrist, or ankle
Repetitive Motion Disorder
Group of chronic disorders involving tendon, muscle, joint, and nerve damage, resulting from tissue being subjected to pressure, vibration, or repetitive movements for prolonged periods
Rotator Cuff Injury
Rotator cuff consists of joint capsule of shoulder joint reinforced by tendons from several shoulder muscles; high degree of flexibility at shoulder joint puts rotator cuff at risk for strain and tearing
Strain
Damage to muscle, tendons, or ligaments due to overuse or overstretching
Tendinitis
Inflammation of a tendon
