Chapter 4 Skeletal Pathology

Question 1

Chiropractic

Answer 1

Healthcare profession concerned with diagnosis and treatment of malalignment conditions of spine and musculoskeletal system with intention of affecting nervous system and improving health: healthcare professional is a chiropractor.

Question 2

Orthopedics

Answer 2

Branch of medicine specializing in diagnosis and treatment of conditions of musculoskeletal system; also called orthopedic surgery; physician is an orthopedist or orthopedic surgeon

Question 3

Orthotics

Answer 3

Healthcare profession specializing in making orthopedic appliances such as braces and splints; person skilled in making and adjusting these appliances is an orthotist

Question 4

Podiatry

Answer 4

Healthcare profession specializing in diagnosis and treatment of disorders of feet and lower legs

Question 5

Prosthetics

Answer 5

Healthcare profession specializing in making body parts; person skilled in making and adjusting prosthetics is a prosthetist

Question 6

Rheumatology

Answer 6

Branch of medicine specializing in diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal and autoimmune conditions affecting joints, muscles, and bones

Question 7

Callus

Answer 7

Mass of bone tissue that forms at fracture site during its healing.

Question 8

Crepitation

Answer 8

Noise produced by bones or cartilage rubbing together in conditions such as arthritis; also called crepitus.

Question 9

Closed Fracture

Answer 9

Fracture in which there is no open skin wound; also called a simple fracture.

Question 10

Colles’ Fracture

Answer 10

Common type of wrist fracture.

Question 11

Comminuted Fracture

Answer 11

Fracture in which bone is shattered, splintered, or crushed into many small pieces or fragments.

Question 12

Compound Fracture

Answer 12

Fracture in which bone has broken through skin; also called an open fracture.

Question 13

Compression Fracture

Answer 13

Fracture involving loss of height of a vertebral body; may be result of trauma, but in older people, especially women, may be caused by conditions like osteoporosis

Question 14

Fracture

Answer 14

Broken bone

Question 15

Greenstick Fracture

Answer 15

Fracture in which there is an incomplete break; one side of bone is broken and other side is bent; fracture type commonly found in children due to their softer and more pliable bone structure

Question 16

Impacted Fracture

Answer 16

Fracture in which bone fragments are pushed into each other.

Question 17

Oblique Fracture

Answer 17

Fracture at an angle to bone

Question 18

Pathologic Fracture

Answer 18

Fracture caused by diseased or weakened bone

Question 19

Spiral Fracture

Answer 19

Fracture in which fracture line spirals around shaft of bone; can be caused by twisting injury and is often slower to heal than other types of fractures

Question 20

Stress Fracture

Answer 20

Slight fracture caused by repetitive, low-impact forces, like running, rather than single, forceful impact

Question 21

Transverse Fracture

Answer 21

Complete fracture that is straight across bone at right angles to long axis of bone

Question 22

Chondroma

Answer 22

Tumor, usually benign that forms in cartilage

Question 23

Ewing’s Sarcoma

Answer 23

Malignant growth found in shaft of long bones that spreads through periosteum; removal is treatment of choice because tumor will metastasize or spread to other organs

Question 24

Exostosis

Answer 24

Bony, outward projection from surface of a bone; also called bone spur

Question 25

Myeloma

Answer 25

Tumor that forms in bone marrow tissue

Question 26

Osteochondroma

Answer 26

Tumor, usually benign, that consists of both bone and cartilage tissue

Question 27

Osteogenic Sarcoma

Answer 27

Most common type of bone cancer; usually begins in osteocytes found at ends of long bones; also called osteosarcoma

Question 28

Osteoma

Answer 28

Tumor found in bone tissue

Question 29

Osteomalacia

Answer 29

Softening of bones caused by deficiency of calcium; thought to be caused by insufficient sunlight and vitamin D in children

Question 30

Osteomyelitis

Answer 30

Inflammation of bone and bone marrow

Question 31

Osteopathy

Answer 31

General term for bone disease

Question 32

Osteoporosis

Answer 32

Decrease in bone mass producing a thinning and weakening of bone with resulting fractures; bone becomes more porous, especially in spine and pelvis

Question 33

Paget's Disease

Answer 33

Fairly common metabolic disease of bone from unknown causes; usually attacks middle-aged and older adults and is characterized by bone destruction and deformity; named for Sir James Paget, a British surgeon

Question 34

Rickets

Answer 34

Deficiency in calcium and vitamin D found in early childhood that results in bone deformities, especially bowed legs

Question 35

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Answer 35

Inflammatory spinal condition resembling rheumatoid arthritis and results in gradual stiffening and fusion of vertebrae; more common in men than in women

Question 36

Herniated Nucleus Pulposus

Answer 36

Herniation or protrusion of intervertebral disk; also called herniated disk or ruptured disk; may require surgery

Question 37

Kyphosis

Answer 37

Abnormal increase in outward curvature of thoracic spine; also known as hunchback or humpback;

Question 38

Lordosis

Answer 38

Abnormal increase in forward curvature of lumbar spine; also known as swayback

Question 39

Scoliosis

Answer 39

Abnormal lateral curvature of spine;

Question 40

Spina Bifida

Answer 40

Congenital anomaly occurring when vertebra fails to fully form around spinal cord

Question 41

Spinal Stenosis

Answer 41

Narrowing of spinal canal causing pressure on cord and nerves

Question 42

Spondylolisthesis

Answer 42

Forward sliding of lumbar vertebra over vertebra below it

Question 43

Spondylosis

Answer 43

Specifically refers to ankylosing of spine, but commonly used in reference to any degenerative condition of vertebral column

Question 44

Whiplash

Answer 44

Cervical muscle and ligament sprain or strain as a result of sudden movement forward and backward of head and neck; can occur as a result of rear-end auto collision

Question 45

Bunion

Answer 45

Inflammation of bursa of first metatarsophalangeal joint (base of big toe)

Question 46

Dislocation

Answer 46

Occurs when bones in a joint are displaced from normal alignment and ends of bones are no longer in contact

Question 47

Gout

Answer 47

Type of arthritis presenting as pain and swelling usually in first metatarsophalangeal joint; caused by high uric acid blood level resulting in uric acid crystals being deposited in soft tissue; more common in men

Question 48

Osteoarthritis

Answer 48

Arthritis resulting in degeneration of bones and joints, especially those bearing weight; results in bone rubbing against bone; also called degenerative joint disease (DJD)

Question 49

Prepatellar Bursitis

Answer 49

Pain and swelling in bursa located between patella and skin; seen often in persons who kneel frequently; commonly called housemaid’s knee

Question 50

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 50

Chronic form of arthritis with inflammation of joints, swelling, stiffness, pain, and changes in cartilage that can result in crippling deformities; considered to be autoimmune disease

Question 51

Sprain

Answer 51

Damage to ligaments surrounding a joint due to overstretching, but no dislocation of joint or fracture of bone

Question 52

Subluxation

Answer 52

Incomplete dislocation; joint alignment is disrupted, but ends of bones remain in contact

Question 53

Systemic Lupus Erythematosis

Answer 53

Chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of connective tissue affecting many systems that may include joint pain and arthritis; may be mistaken for rheumatoid arthritis

Question 54

Talipes

Answer 54

Congenital deformity causing misalignment of ankle joint and foot; also referred to as clubfoot