Chapter 4 Skeletal Pathology Flashcards
Chiropractic
Healthcare profession concerned with diagnosis and treatment of malalignment conditions of spine and musculoskeletal system with intention of affecting nervous system and improving health: healthcare professional is a chiropractor.
Orthopedics
Branch of medicine specializing in diagnosis and treatment of conditions of musculoskeletal system; also called orthopedic surgery; physician is an orthopedist or orthopedic surgeon
Orthotics
Healthcare profession specializing in making orthopedic appliances such as braces and splints; person skilled in making and adjusting these appliances is an orthotist
Podiatry
Healthcare profession specializing in diagnosis and treatment of disorders of feet and lower legs
Prosthetics
Healthcare profession specializing in making body parts; person skilled in making and adjusting prosthetics is a prosthetist
Rheumatology
Branch of medicine specializing in diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal and autoimmune conditions affecting joints, muscles, and bones
Callus
Mass of bone tissue that forms at fracture site during its healing.
Crepitation
Noise produced by bones or cartilage rubbing together in conditions such as arthritis; also called crepitus.
Closed Fracture
Fracture in which there is no open skin wound; also called a simple fracture.
Colles’ Fracture
Common type of wrist fracture.
Comminuted Fracture
Fracture in which bone is shattered, splintered, or crushed into many small pieces or fragments.
Compound Fracture
Fracture in which bone has broken through skin; also called an open fracture.
Compression Fracture
Fracture involving loss of height of a vertebral body; may be result of trauma, but in older people, especially women, may be caused by conditions like osteoporosis
Fracture
Broken bone
Greenstick Fracture
Fracture in which there is an incomplete break; one side of bone is broken and other side is bent; fracture type commonly found in children due to their softer and more pliable bone structure
Impacted Fracture
Fracture in which bone fragments are pushed into each other.
Oblique Fracture
Fracture at an angle to bone
Pathologic Fracture
Fracture caused by diseased or weakened bone
Spiral Fracture
Fracture in which fracture line spirals around shaft of bone; can be caused by twisting injury and is often slower to heal than other types of fractures
Stress Fracture
Slight fracture caused by repetitive, low-impact forces, like running, rather than single, forceful impact
Transverse Fracture
Complete fracture that is straight across bone at right angles to long axis of bone
Chondroma
Tumor, usually benign that forms in cartilage
Ewing’s Sarcoma
Malignant growth found in shaft of long bones that spreads through periosteum; removal is treatment of choice because tumor will metastasize or spread to other organs
Exostosis
Bony, outward projection from surface of a bone; also called bone spur
Myeloma
Tumor that forms in bone marrow tissue
Osteochondroma
Tumor, usually benign, that consists of both bone and cartilage tissue
Osteogenic Sarcoma
Most common type of bone cancer; usually begins in osteocytes found at ends of long bones; also called osteosarcoma
Osteoma
Tumor found in bone tissue
Osteomalacia
Softening of bones caused by deficiency of calcium; thought to be caused by insufficient sunlight and vitamin D in children
Osteomyelitis
Inflammation of bone and bone marrow
Osteopathy
General term for bone disease
Osteoporosis
Decrease in bone mass producing a thinning and weakening of bone with resulting fractures; bone becomes more porous, especially in spine and pelvis
Paget’s Disease
Fairly common metabolic disease of bone from unknown causes; usually attacks middle-aged and older adults and is characterized by bone destruction and deformity; named for Sir James Paget, a British surgeon
Rickets
Deficiency in calcium and vitamin D found in early childhood that results in bone deformities, especially bowed legs
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Inflammatory spinal condition resembling rheumatoid arthritis and results in gradual stiffening and fusion of vertebrae; more common in men than in women
Herniated Nucleus Pulposus
Herniation or protrusion of intervertebral disk; also called herniated disk or ruptured disk; may require surgery
Kyphosis
Abnormal increase in outward curvature of thoracic spine; also known as hunchback or humpback;
Lordosis
Abnormal increase in forward curvature of lumbar spine; also known as swayback
Scoliosis
Abnormal lateral curvature of spine;
Spina Bifida
Congenital anomaly occurring when vertebra fails to fully form around spinal cord
Spinal Stenosis
Narrowing of spinal canal causing pressure on cord and nerves
Spondylolisthesis
Forward sliding of lumbar vertebra over vertebra below it
Spondylosis
Specifically refers to ankylosing of spine, but commonly used in reference to any degenerative condition of vertebral column
Whiplash
Cervical muscle and ligament sprain or strain as a result of sudden movement forward and backward of head and neck; can occur as a result of rear-end auto collision
Bunion
Inflammation of bursa of first metatarsophalangeal joint (base of big toe)
Dislocation
Occurs when bones in a joint are displaced from normal alignment and ends of bones are no longer in contact
Gout
Type of arthritis presenting as pain and swelling usually in first metatarsophalangeal joint; caused by high uric acid blood level resulting in uric acid crystals being deposited in soft tissue; more common in men
Osteoarthritis
Arthritis resulting in degeneration of bones and joints, especially those bearing weight; results in bone rubbing against bone; also called degenerative joint disease (DJD)
Prepatellar Bursitis
Pain and swelling in bursa located between patella and skin; seen often in persons who kneel frequently; commonly called housemaid’s knee
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Chronic form of arthritis with inflammation of joints, swelling, stiffness, pain, and changes in cartilage that can result in crippling deformities; considered to be autoimmune disease
Sprain
Damage to ligaments surrounding a joint due to overstretching, but no dislocation of joint or fracture of bone
Subluxation
Incomplete dislocation; joint alignment is disrupted, but ends of bones remain in contact
Systemic Lupus Erythematosis
Chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of connective tissue affecting many systems that may include joint pain and arthritis; may be mistaken for rheumatoid arthritis
Talipes
Congenital deformity causing misalignment of ankle joint and foot; also referred to as clubfoot
