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Medical Terminology > Chapter 4 Skeletal Pathology > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Skeletal Pathology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Chiropractic

A

Healthcare profession concerned with diagnosis and treatment of malalignment conditions of spine and musculoskeletal system with intention of affecting nervous system and improving health: healthcare professional is a chiropractor.

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2
Q

Orthopedics

A

Branch of medicine specializing in diagnosis and treatment of conditions of musculoskeletal system; also called orthopedic surgery; physician is an orthopedist or orthopedic surgeon

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3
Q

Orthotics

A

Healthcare profession specializing in making orthopedic appliances such as braces and splints; person skilled in making and adjusting these appliances is an orthotist

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4
Q

Podiatry

A

Healthcare profession specializing in diagnosis and treatment of disorders of feet and lower legs

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5
Q

Prosthetics

A

Healthcare profession specializing in making body parts; person skilled in making and adjusting prosthetics is a prosthetist

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6
Q

Rheumatology

A

Branch of medicine specializing in diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal and autoimmune conditions affecting joints, muscles, and bones

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7
Q

Callus

A

Mass of bone tissue that forms at fracture site during its healing.

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8
Q

Crepitation

A

Noise produced by bones or cartilage rubbing together in conditions such as arthritis; also called crepitus.

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9
Q

Closed Fracture

A

Fracture in which there is no open skin wound; also called a simple fracture.

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10
Q

Colles’ Fracture

A

Common type of wrist fracture.

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11
Q

Comminuted Fracture

A

Fracture in which bone is shattered, splintered, or crushed into many small pieces or fragments.

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12
Q

Compound Fracture

A

Fracture in which bone has broken through skin; also called an open fracture.

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13
Q

Compression Fracture

A

Fracture involving loss of height of a vertebral body; may be result of trauma, but in older people, especially women, may be caused by conditions like osteoporosis

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14
Q

Fracture

A

Broken bone

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15
Q

Greenstick Fracture

A

Fracture in which there is an incomplete break; one side of bone is broken and other side is bent; fracture type commonly found in children due to their softer and more pliable bone structure

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16
Q

Impacted Fracture

A

Fracture in which bone fragments are pushed into each other.

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17
Q

Oblique Fracture

A

Fracture at an angle to bone

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18
Q

Pathologic Fracture

A

Fracture caused by diseased or weakened bone

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19
Q

Spiral Fracture

A

Fracture in which fracture line spirals around shaft of bone; can be caused by twisting injury and is often slower to heal than other types of fractures

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20
Q

Stress Fracture

A

Slight fracture caused by repetitive, low-impact forces, like running, rather than single, forceful impact

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21
Q

Transverse Fracture

A

Complete fracture that is straight across bone at right angles to long axis of bone

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22
Q

Chondroma

A

Tumor, usually benign that forms in cartilage

23
Q

Ewing’s Sarcoma

A

Malignant growth found in shaft of long bones that spreads through periosteum; removal is treatment of choice because tumor will metastasize or spread to other organs

24
Q

Exostosis

A

Bony, outward projection from surface of a bone; also called bone spur

25
Q

Myeloma

A

Tumor that forms in bone marrow tissue

26
Q

Osteochondroma

A

Tumor, usually benign, that consists of both bone and cartilage tissue

27
Q

Osteogenic Sarcoma

A

Most common type of bone cancer; usually begins in osteocytes found at ends of long bones; also called osteosarcoma

28
Q

Osteoma

A

Tumor found in bone tissue

29
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Softening of bones caused by deficiency of calcium; thought to be caused by insufficient sunlight and vitamin D in children

30
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Inflammation of bone and bone marrow

31
Q

Osteopathy

A

General term for bone disease

32
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Decrease in bone mass producing a thinning and weakening of bone with resulting fractures; bone becomes more porous, especially in spine and pelvis

33
Q

Paget’s Disease

A

Fairly common metabolic disease of bone from unknown causes; usually attacks middle-aged and older adults and is characterized by bone destruction and deformity; named for Sir James Paget, a British surgeon

34
Q

Rickets

A

Deficiency in calcium and vitamin D found in early childhood that results in bone deformities, especially bowed legs

35
Q

Ankylosing Spondylitis

A

Inflammatory spinal condition resembling rheumatoid arthritis and results in gradual stiffening and fusion of vertebrae; more common in men than in women

36
Q

Herniated Nucleus Pulposus

A

Herniation or protrusion of intervertebral disk; also called herniated disk or ruptured disk; may require surgery

37
Q

Kyphosis

A

Abnormal increase in outward curvature of thoracic spine; also known as hunchback or humpback;

38
Q

Lordosis

A

Abnormal increase in forward curvature of lumbar spine; also known as swayback

39
Q

Scoliosis

A

Abnormal lateral curvature of spine;

40
Q

Spina Bifida

A

Congenital anomaly occurring when vertebra fails to fully form around spinal cord

41
Q

Spinal Stenosis

A

Narrowing of spinal canal causing pressure on cord and nerves

42
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

Forward sliding of lumbar vertebra over vertebra below it

43
Q

Spondylosis

A

Specifically refers to ankylosing of spine, but commonly used in reference to any degenerative condition of vertebral column

44
Q

Whiplash

A

Cervical muscle and ligament sprain or strain as a result of sudden movement forward and backward of head and neck; can occur as a result of rear-end auto collision

45
Q

Bunion

A

Inflammation of bursa of first metatarsophalangeal joint (base of big toe)

46
Q

Dislocation

A

Occurs when bones in a joint are displaced from normal alignment and ends of bones are no longer in contact

47
Q

Gout

A

Type of arthritis presenting as pain and swelling usually in first metatarsophalangeal joint; caused by high uric acid blood level resulting in uric acid crystals being deposited in soft tissue; more common in men

48
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Arthritis resulting in degeneration of bones and joints, especially those bearing weight; results in bone rubbing against bone; also called degenerative joint disease (DJD)

49
Q

Prepatellar Bursitis

A

Pain and swelling in bursa located between patella and skin; seen often in persons who kneel frequently; commonly called housemaid’s knee

50
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

Chronic form of arthritis with inflammation of joints, swelling, stiffness, pain, and changes in cartilage that can result in crippling deformities; considered to be autoimmune disease

51
Q

Sprain

A

Damage to ligaments surrounding a joint due to overstretching, but no dislocation of joint or fracture of bone

52
Q

Subluxation

A

Incomplete dislocation; joint alignment is disrupted, but ends of bones remain in contact

53
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematosis

A

Chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of connective tissue affecting many systems that may include joint pain and arthritis; may be mistaken for rheumatoid arthritis

54
Q

Talipes

A

Congenital deformity causing misalignment of ankle joint and foot; also referred to as clubfoot

Medical Terminology (33 decks)

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