chapter 6 - nutrients

Question 1

examples of a nutrient

Answer 1

water, lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, vitamins

Question 2

explain water as a nutrient

Answer 2

• fluid where substances are dissolved
• chemical reactions occur in water in cells
• take part in some chemical reactions

Question 3

explain minerals as a nutrient

Answer 3

• may be apart of an enzyme
• may function as co-factors or be apart of ATP
• examples: ions

Question 4

explain vitamins as nutrients

Answer 4

• coenzymes for chemical reactions

- examples: vitamin A,B,C,D

Question 5

explain carbohydrates as a nutrient

Answer 5

• consist of: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
• function: provide energy for our bodies cells
• types:
  
  • monosaccharides: simple sugars, fructose, glucose, galactose
  • disaccharides: two simple sugars joined together, sucrose (glucose + fructose), lactose (galactose + glucose), maltose (glucose + glucose)

Question 6

explain proteins as a nutrient

Answer 6

• consist of: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, Sulfur, phosphorous, amino acids
• function: involved in chemical reactions that take place in cells (enzymes are made of proteins)
• types: peptide bonds attach AA’s together and form dipeptide (2 AA’s joined) or polypeptide (10 or more AA’s)

Question 7

explain lipids as a nutrient

Answer 7

• consist of: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
• function: important energy source, lipids —> fatty acids + glycerol —> glycolysis —> cell respiration, fats (stored in the body), phospholipids (cell membranes), steroids (cholesterol and sex hormones)
• types: fat molecules (2-3 fatty acids + 1 glycerol), triglyceride (3 fatty acids + 1 glycerol)

Question 8

explain ribonucleic acid as a nutrient

Answer 8

• consist of: single chain of nucleotides, contains ribose, sugar and ACGU
• function: carries information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm

Question 9

explain deoxyribonucleic acid

Answer 9

• consists of: 2 chains of nucleotides, contains deoxyribose sugar and ACGT
• function: stores genetic material

Question 10

what is a nutrient

Answer 10

any substance in our food that is used for growth, repair or maintaining the body (any substance required for metabolism)