chapter 6 - cellular respiration

Question 1

what are examples of cell activities

Answer 1

• building complex molecules
• cell division and growth
• movement of organelles / whole cell
• active transport

Question 2

what does cellular respiration produce

Answer 2

• glucose is used to produce energy, involves a series of steps and enzymes (catabolic), occurs in the mitochondria
• C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (atp) + heat

Question 3

what is ATP

Answer 3

• adenosine triphosphate: adenosine (bond) phosphate (bond) phosphate (high energy chemical bond - weak) phosphate
• some energy is stored in bonds between ADP and third phosphate bond (easily broken)
• removal of third bond releases energy
• can be used to transfer released energy in cell respiration processes

Question 4

what is ADP

Answer 4

• adenosine diphosphate: formed when the energy is released (catabolic)
• ADP can then bind to another phosphate (anabolic) to produce ATP and store more energy

Question 5

what is anaerobic respiration

Answer 5

• production of lactic acid from glucose (produce energy in the absence of oxygen), occurs in cytoplasm
• occurs when cardiovascular and circulatory systems cannot supply muscles with oxygen (important during vigorous physical activity)

Question 6

what is glycolysis

Answer 6

• first phase in the breakdown of glucose, 2 produces pyruvic acid molecules and 2 ATP molecules

Question 7

what is oxygen debt / when does it occur

Answer 7

• occurs when cells are respiring anaerobically
• require oxygen but there is none available
• oxygen must be ‘repaid’ by converting lactic acid to glucose
  
  • lactic acid –> liver (LA + O2) –> glucose –> stored as glycogen

Question 8

what is aerobic respiration

Answer 8

• complete breakdown of glucose, to pyruvic acid, to carbon dioxide and water
• oxygen required / available
• occurs in cytoplasm and mitochondria

Question 9

what is the Krebs cycle / citric acid cycle

Answer 9

• formation of two more ATP molecules from pyruvic acid

Question 10

what is the electron transport system

Answer 10

• produces up to 34 ATP molecules

- therefore, aerobic respiration of 1 glucose molecule can potentially generate 38 molecules of ATP

Question 11

what is cellular respiration

Answer 11

process in which organic molecules, that are taken in as food, are broken don in the cells to release energy for cell activities