Chapter 6- Nervous System Flashcards
Neur/o:
Nerves or nervous system
Cerebr/o
Cereblum (LARGE BRAIN)
Crani/o
Cranium
Encephal/o
Brain (CNS)
Cerebell/o
Cerebellum “little brain”
Meningi/o
Meninges
Mengines: 3 layers
1.DuraMater (thickest layer, tough mother)
2. Arachnoid Mater
3. Pia Mater (Delicate fragile)
(Surround the brain and protective coverings)
CNS
Central Nervous System (Brain & Spinal Cord)
PNS
Peripheral Nervous System
Cerebrum
largest portion of the brain and is divided into w hemispheres by a deep fissure.
Cerebellum
controls balance, equilibrium, posture and muscle coordination
What does the system consist of ?
Brain, spinal cord, nerves
The three functions of the nervous system:
Collecting, Processing and Directing
Sensing, Interpreting, and Acting
SAME
Sensory, Afferent, Motor, E
Afferent nerves:
Efferent nerves (motor):
Interneurons:
Myelin Sheath:
a protective insulation, formed by Schwann cells, that covers PNS nerve axon. It helps with the transmission of nerve impulses.
Aura:
Dysphagia:
Paraplegia:
Quadriplegia:
Hemiphlegia:
Neurotransmitter:
a chemical that helps a nerve cell communicate with another nerve cell or muscle.
Sulci: (sulcus)
The groove or depression
gyri: (gyrus)
fold or convolution.
brain matter with a ridges structure
Amnesia:
memory loss
Myelomeningocele:
a protrusion of the meninges trough a gap in the spine due to a congenital defect
Hydrocephalus:
a condition in which there is an obstruction in the normal flow of CSF.
Huntington’s Disease
progressive neurodegenerative disorder
Coma
Concussion
Cerebral Contusion
bruising of the brain
Cerebral Angiography
a medical procedure to visualize blood flow in the body using imaging techniques, like an X-ray
EEG
Electroencephalogram
Evoked Potential test:
LP
Lungbar Puncture
Adherence:
The act of slicking to something
The functioning cell:
Neuron
Specialized cells of the nervous system:
Glial cells
Help to form the blood brain barrier:
Astrocytes
The extension of the cell:
Axon
Regulates body functions such as breathing and digestion:
Spinal nerves
Relays information to and from organs to the face and neck:
Cranial nerves
Carries information to and from the brain through the spinal cord:
Autonomic nervous system
What are functions of the central nervous system?
Carries messages, relays information, and provides protection.
Which statement best describes the normal physiology of the peripheral nervous system?
It is made up of the nerves that exit from the brain and spinal cord,
Progressive loss of elasticity in the artery walls:
Cerebrovascular Disease
Also known as a mini stroke:
Transient Ischemic Attacks
Abnormal electrical impulses in the brain:
Epilepsy
Progressive memory loss and disorientation:
Dementia
What disorder is classified as a central nervous system (CNS) disorder?
Cerebrovascular disease
A fatal disease that destroys the muscles for motor control:
Amyotropic lateral sclerosis
A condition of peripheral nerve dysfunction:
(Mobility disorder, destroys part of a neuron)
Peripheral neuropathy
A condition that causes temporary facial paralysis:
Bell’s palsy
An autoimmune disease that causes deterioration of the myelin sheath:
(Mobility disorder, scatters the nervous messages)
Multiple sclerosis
Which of the following is a disorder of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
Schizophrenia
What is the purpose of a neurologic examination?
to determine if pt has a nervous system problem
What are common diagnostic procedures used during neurologic examinations?
Achilles, Biceps, Triceps, Patellar (ABTP)
How would the MA assist during a neurologic examination?
prepare pt to proper position & prepare instruments for provider
What is the correct order of the procedural steps in assisting during a neurologic examination?
Assemble and prepare the equipment.
Sanitize hands.
Greet the patient.
Instruct the patient to disrobe.
Assist in positioning the patient.
Lesson 1-
Which of the following structures are parts of the central nervous system?
Brain, Meninges, Spinal Cord
Which structures are included in the peripheral nervous system?
Spinal nerves
Cranial nerves
Autonomic nervous system
What structure originates from the underside of the brain?
Cranial nerves
Which of the following statements accurately describes the meninges?
Meninges are a group of membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord.
What are functions of the peripheral nervous system?
Relays information
Carries information
Regulates body functions
The brain consumes ___ % of the body’s total oxygen.
20
What structure carries stimuli from the skin and internal organs to the CNS?
Sensory fibers
What disorder affects 12% of the U.S. population, impacting more women than men?
Migraine headache
What chronic brain disorder is associated with abnormal electrical impulses caused by some of the neurons in the brain?
Epilepsy
Which of the following are the central nervous system (CNS) infections?
Meningitis, Encephalitis
What is the difference between a concussion and a contusion?
A contusion is a more serious injury to the brain, and a concussion is a mild injury to the brain.
A patient experiencing facial paralysis is most likely suffering from condition?
Bell’s palsy
What are characteristics of peripheral neuropathy?
Pain, Muscle Weakness, Sensory Disturbances
Which PNS “condition” is known for having over 100 causes?
Peripheral Neuropathy
Which of the following conditions are considered peripheral nervous system (PNS) pathologies?
Multiple sclerosis, peripheral neuropathy
How is peripheral nerve function evaluated?
Evaluating gait, evaluating movements, and testing muscle strength
What diagnostic test records the patient’s brain wave activity?
EEG (electroencephalogram)