Chapter 42- Pt Coaching And Nutrition Flashcards
Nutrients:
Chemicals in food that the body uses for energy,
growth, and development
* I.e., water, protein, carbohydrate, fat, vitamins, and
minerals.
Metabolism: (Catabolism & Anabolism)
The process the body uses to obtain or make
energy from the food eaten.
Catabolism:
process of breaking down molecules into smaller molecules resulting in energy being released.
Anabolism:
Process of smaller molecules being used to build larger molecules with the use of energy
Energy:
Required by every body process, including catabolism and anabolism.
Calorie:
Daily use of calorie varies:
Basic Metabolic Rate:
Genetics
Sex
Age
Weight
Body Surface Area
Body Fat %
Diet
Body Temp
External Temp
Thyroxin
Drug
Excersices & lean muscle tissue
Dietary nutrients purposes:
Nutrient rich:
Non- nutrient rich:
Carbohydratres:
Simple sugars:
Starches:
Nutrient rich starches:
Non- nutrient rich starches:
Non- nutrient rich starches:
Protein:
Uses of amino acids:
Which pt populations require specific monitoring related to the types of dietary nutrients consumed?
Pediatrics, Geriatrics and Pregnant Women
Basal metabolism:
amount of energy required to maintain vital body functions.
Basal metabolic rate
amount of energy needed to maintain vital body functions during rest
Calorie
amount of heat required to raise temp of 1 kg of water by 1 C
Obesity
condition used to describe people with a body mass index greater than 30
What is an ex. of an essential nutrient?
Amino acids
What is the main function of carbohydrates?
provides energy for cells
Which foods source is rich in soluble?
Bran cereal
Eggs are rich in
protein
Bananas are rich in
Vitamin B6, magnesium, and potassium.
Whole grain bread is rich in
insoluble fiber
Stored body fat:
Adipose
Building blocks of fat:
Fatty acids
Another term for dietary fat:
Lipids
Fats that are combined with hydrogen:
Hydrogenated fat
The type of fat associated with heart disease:
Saturated fat
LDL:
less than 130 mg/dl
HDL:
greater than 60 mg/dl
Triglycerides:
less than 150 mg/dl
Total Cholesterol:
less than 200 mg/dl
Clotting functions:
Vitamin K
Red blood cell formation:
Folate
Bone and tooth formation;
Vitamin D
Formation of skin and hair:
Vitamin A
Transmits nerve impulses:
Potassium
Helps form red blood cells:
Copper
Aids in formation of hemoglobin:
Iron
Regulates cell membrane permeability:
Sodium
Controls contractions of relaxation of muscles:
Calcium
Which are the functions of water in the body?
Lubricates joints, transports substances, regulates body temperature
Which item represents a 1- ounce of cheese?
Two dice
1 ounce of nuts can be measured by
A handful
How can 3 ounces of chicken or lean beef be measured ?
A deck of cards
A woman’s fist is about the size of
1 cup
The label on canned food item reads: “ Total Carbohydrate 150 g; 50% Daily Value” What should the pt understand from the label?
One serving does not meet the daily carbohydrate requirements for a normal person.
It indicates one serving of the food would contain 150 grams (g) of carbohydrates and will meet 50% of the total daily requirement for carbohydrates for a normal person.
Which vitamins are antioxidants and maybe helpful in preventing cancer?
Vitamin A, C, E
Antioxidants include
Vitamins A, C and E; Beta-carotene, lycopene, lutein, and selenium
Vitamin K:
can alter clot formation time in pt on anticoagulants therapy
Vitamin B6:
Helps build body tissue and aids the metabolism of protein
Vitamin B12:
Aids in cell development, the functioning of the nervous system, and the metabolism of protein and fat.
Which foods does a provider recommend to a pt with scaly skin?
Leafy vegetables, fortified milk products, liver, beef, fish
Vitamin A:
Required for proper skin formation and maintenance
Nuts are a rich source of
Vitamin E
Fruits and Peppers are a rich source of
Vitamin C
Berries, margarine and eggs are a good source of
Vitamin C and D
Fatty fish (salmon, herring), fish liver oils, fortified cereals, fortified milk products are a good source of:
Vitamin D
Which fraction represents the closest percentage of weight from water in the human body?
Two-thirds
Per the diet and lifestyle recommendations of the American Heart Association (AHA), which closely resemble the DASH ( Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet and the MyPlate guidelines, which daily sodium intake most effectively reduces blood pressure?
1,000- 1,500 milligrams (mg)
Which food or drink is most effective in helping a pt with reduced blood glucose levels who is feeling weak?
Gatorade
Gatorade has:
A glycemic index of 78, which is high.
Which source of carbohydrates is the best source of fiber for a pt diagnosed with constipation?
Insoluble fiber
Which diet does a healthcare provider recommend to a pt who has undergone oral surgery?
Mechanical diet
Soft diet-
Mechanically and chemically nonirritating and does not form gas. (Has to be chewed before swallowing )
Bland diet-
doesn’t contain any mechanically or chemically irritating foods, it doesn’t form gas and it doesn’t contain any oily foods, has to be chewed
High fiber diet-
contains fiber and has to be chewed
Which food item should be recommended to a pt who has been prescribed a bland diet?
Rice
Which is a symptom of vitamin C deficiency?
Scurvy
Which foods should a MA instruct a pt experiencing constipation to consume?
Whole wheat, brown rice, corn, broccoli, and green beans
Which essential nutrient component includes sugars, starches, and dietary fiber (soluble fibers & insoluble fibers)
Carbohydrates
Lipoproteins are either
Low density or high density and carry cholesterol in the blood.
Omega 3 fatty acids-
A group of polyunsaturated fatty acids found in fish and some nuts and seeds.
Which source of carbohydrates bulks up stool and prevents constipation?
Insoluble fiber
Soluble fiber:
dissolves in water, forms a gel like substance and softens the stool.
Starches also called:
complex carbohydrates
Simple sugars:
rapidly absorbed and quickly raise blood glucose levels
Which letter of letters stand for the two types of lipoproteins that carry cholesterol either to the liver or to the tissues?
LDL & HDL
HDL- (the good fat)
High Density Lipoprotein/ Carry cholesterol from body tissues in the bloodstream to the liver, reducing the risk of heart disease.
LDL- (bad fat)
Low Density Lipoprotein- carry cholesterol to the cells, increasing the risk of heart disease.
K stand for
Potassium
NA stands for-
Sodium
CPK stands for:
creatine phosphokinase
BUN:
Blood Urea Nitrogen
Which statement is accurate regarding the growing problem of obesity?
Eating increased portion size can lead to obesity.
Which substance plays a role in reducing blood cholesterol, heart disease risk, inflammation and depression?
Omega- 3 fatty acids
A provider instructs a pt who underwent cardiovascular surgery to follow a clear liquid diet. Which liquids can the pt consume?
Tea and broth soups
Which builds and repairs body tissue, including new tissue, and performs other functions related to hemoglobin, antibodies, and hormones?
Protein
Protein-
A nutrient that builds and repairs body tissue and performs functions related to to hemoglobin, antibodies and hormones.
Fat provides-
A source of energy when carbohydrates are not available
Carbohydrates provide-
Energy
A pt is lactose intolerant. Which food products must the pt avoid or consume with an oral enzyme replacement?
Dairy
What are the functions of vital c in the body?
Absorption of iron
Promotion of healthy teeth and gums
Promotion of wound healing
Which side effects are common with all weight loss medications?
Headache, digestive issues
According to the American Heart Association, whicy statements regarding nutrition are true?
-Fatty or processed meats and red meats should be limited.
- low fat and fat free proteins should be included in the diet
-A variety of fruits and vegetables should be included in the diet.
Which minerals help in the nerve function?
Calcium
Potassium
Magnesium
A pt who has been dieting is concerned about weight gain after being told to add more fat to the diet. Which can’t the MA tell the pt about the benefits of fat in the diet, even when trying to eat healthy foods?
Aid brain development
Provides energy to the body
Insulates and cushions the body
Why does a provider prescribe vitamin B12 supplements to a pt who is vegan?
Vegetables do not contain vitamin B12
A pt asks the MA to explain celiac disease. Which response by the MA is accurate?
A gluten free diet will eliminate symptoms
Which types of information were added to food labels when the label design was updated?
Trans fat
Added sugar
Which recommendations by the American Heart Association can help lower blood pressure?
Read food labels
Watch portion sizes
Reduce LDL and triglycerides
Which are the functions of water in the body??
Makes up two thirds of the body’s weight
Rids the body of waste products in the form of urine, sweat and stool.
Protects the spinal cord, brain, and other sensitive tissues
Which is toxic symptom of excess vitamin C?
Kidney Stones
Which food does a provider recommend to a pt with impaired ability to fight infection?
Chicken
Salomon
Unsalted nuts
A provider instructs a pt with hypertension to eat foods following the Dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) plan. Which foods will the pt eat?
Poultry and fish
Which variables increase a person’s basal metabolic rate?
Male gender
Cold external temperature
Having a large body surface area
Which is the process of breaking down molecules into smaller molecules, resulting in energy being released?
Catabolism
Anabolism:
The prices of smaller molecules being used to build larger molecules with the use of energy.
Mastication-
The process of chewing and breaking down foods.
Metabolism-
The process the body uses to obtain or make energy from the food eaten.
The MA is providing dietary education to a pt. Which statements should the MA include regarding nurtients?
Nutrients deficiencies may lead to a disease
Nutrients are important for cellular function
There are essential and nonessential nutrients
When reading cholesterol Lab reports, which result is considered “good” cholesterol?
HDL
Meats and nuts are high in which dietary requirement?
Protein
When used as fuel for the body, how many calories of energy per gram does fat produce when metabolized?
9
Which eating disorder involves behaviors of overeating and vomiting?
Bulimia
A child who has a deficiency in vitamin ___ may experience bone pain and muscle weakness.
Vitamin D
____ are minerals in the body fluid that have an electrical charge.
Electrolytes
Which mineral is stored in the bones?
Magnesium
The recommended dose of vitamin C for an adult pt is ___ mg/day
75-90
There are ___ vitamins needed by the body in very small amounts for specific roles.
13
Which vitamins are fat soluble ?
A, D, E, K
