Chapter 6 - Muscular System

Question 1

What are the four main characteristics of muscle tissues?

Answer 1

1. Contractility - Response from the muscle cell to the electric impulse, responds by shortening, pulling two ends of the muscle cell towards each other.
2. Extensibility - Muscle is lengthened without damaging the tissue
3. Elasticity - Can be brought back to the original position after being (Shortened/Lengthened)
4. Excitability - Ability for the muscle to carry an action potential which = muscle contraction

Question 2

Explain the term Muscle fiber

Answer 2

• A muscle fiber is one of the thousands of elongated rods inside a muscle cell

Question 3

What are myofibrils?

Answer 3

Thinner fibers, packed inside of a muscle fiber contaning a long series of sacromeres

Question 4

What is a sarcomere?

Answer 4

Sarcomere is the basic unit of muscle contraction

Question 5

What is a sarcomere composed of?

Answer 5

Sarcomeres are composed of two types of protein, Thin filiment - ACTIN, Thick filiment - MYOSIN

Question 6

Explain the Sliding Filament Theory

Answer 6

• The muscle cell is stimulated by a nerve impulse
• Thick filaments (Myosin) pull on thin filaments (actin) to slide past each other, completely overlapping, pulling the ends of the sarcomeres closer together

Question 7

List the 3 main muscle contractions

Answer 7

Isotonic - Concentric

Isotonic - Eccentric

Isometric

Question 8

What is the CNS composed of?

Answer 8

Brain and Spinal Cord

Question 9

What is a motor unit?

Answer 9

A motor unit is a single neuron together with the fibers that it commands, which helps in muscle contractions.

Question 10

What is the PNS Composed of?

Answer 10

Motor and Sensory Nerves

Question 11

What is a proprioceptor?

Answer 11

Specialized sensory receptors, Sense pressure, and send messages to the CNS to perform movements.

Question 12

Explain slow and fast twitch muscle fibers, and which oxygen system they would be most suited for?

Answer 12

1. Slow Twitch - Fibers that contract slowly and produce a small amount of force, and work aerobically - Best suited for endurance work, use oxygen
2. Fast Twitch - Contract quickly, using ATP quickly - Working anaerobically, best suited for short burst exercises.

Question 13

What does STIS stand for?

Answer 13

1. S - Supraspinatus
2. T - Teres Minor
3. I - Infraspinatus
4. S- Subscapularis

Question 14

What is the CANFITPRO recommended intensity (% of 1RM), Reps, Sets, and Rest for muscular endurance?

Answer 14

Less than 70% of 1RM, 12-15 Reps, 1-3 Sets, 30 secs - 1 min rest time

Question 15

What is the canfitpro recommended intensity (% of 1RM), Reps, Sets, and Rest for muscular Hypertrophy?

Answer 15

70-80% of 1RM, 8-12 reps, 1-4 sets, 30 sec-2 min rest

Question 16

What is the canfitpro recommended intensity (% of 1RM), Reps, Sets, and Rest for muscular power and strength?

Answer 16

80-100% of 1RM, 1-8 reps, 1 - 6 sets, greater than 2 min rest time.

Question 17

What is the Antagonist Muscle for the following muscles?

1. Rectus Abdominus
2. Gluteus Maximus
3. Pectoralis Major
4. Middle Deltoid
5. Adductor Magnus
6. Biceps Femoris
7. Latissimus Dorsi

Answer 17

1. Erector Spinae
2. Psoas Major
3. Middle Trapezius, Latissimus Dorsi, Medial Deltoid
4. Latissimus Dorsi
5. Gluteus Maximus/Gluteus Medial
6. Rectus Femoris
7. Pectoralis Major

Question 18

What are the three muscles in the hamstring?

Answer 18

1. Biceps Femoris
2. Semimembranosus
3. Semitendinosus