Chapter 6- Listening

Question 1

Misconceptions

Answer 1

1. hearing and listening are same thing, they aren’t listening is a process
   hearing- process of registering sound waves as they hit the eardrum
   listening- active effort to construct meaning from verbal and nonverbal messages
2. listening is a natural process and requires no effort

Question 2

Listening Process(#1 Comprehension)

Answer 2

comprehension- shared meaning between people in communication
have to be able to hear and understand phenomes and morphemes
speech segmentation- ability to recognize breaks between words that sound the same
needed for listening otherwise it’s little more than hearing

Question 3

Learning Process(#2 Retaining)

Answer 3

need it for memory- can’t get a meaning from nothing
forgetting curve- rate at which we no longer retain info, drops rapidly then levels out and remains nearly constant
why we forget- just don’t pay attention, don’t attach it to something meaningful
retention is enhanced when we are mindful- give careful attention

Question 4

Listening Process(#3 Responding)

Answer 4

effective listening needs both to be active

Question 5

Informational Listening

Answer 5

type of listening that attempts to comprehend the message
conversational narcissism- when listeners turn the topic to themselves without showing interest in others, inept communicators
shift response- attention getting initiative, competitive vying for attention and focus on yourself
support response- attention giving initiative, effort to focus on other person
interrupting- uses shift response
competitive interruption- dominate conversation by interrupting when others are speaking
noncompetitive- express support, stop monologue, ask clarification
glazing over- problem of informational listeners, attention wanders and daydream occurs
pseudolistening- pretends to pay attention even though they aren’t
ambushing-listen for weaknesses and ignore strengths of message, result of bias

Question 6

Critical Listening

Answer 6

critical listening- process of evaluating merits of claim as they’re heard
claim- generalization that isn’t proven
skepticism- listens to claims, evaluates evidence, and draw conclusions based on probabilities, essence of critical listening
achieve this through recognizing possibility(could happen but don’t bet on it), plausibility(making logical case), probability(likelihood of events), certainty(don’t ever be certain), self correction)admit when you make a mistake), parsimony(make fewer assumptions)
true belief- accept claim even with no solid reasoning
cynicism- fault finding and ridicule

Question 7

Empathetic Listener

Answer 7

empathetic listening- take perspective of other person, listen for what they need and want
response style- types of verbal reactions we make when someone comes to us with a problem
NON EMPATHETIC
evaluative response- judgement about someone’s conduct, standard of evaluation hasn’t been met
advising response- gives advice
interpreting response- what we think is the underlying reason of a social behavior
content only- recognizes literal meaning, but not feelings
EMPATHETIC
probing- asks questions
supporting- reassure, agree, praise, offer assistance
understanding response- listener needs to check their perception for right comprehension