Chapter 5- Nonverbal Communication

Question 1

Characteristics(4 bullet points)

Answer 1

nonverbal communication- sharing meaning with others without using language
intentionality has no role(doesn’t matter if you didn’t mean to make face or send a message)
mostly relational dimension is used
ambiguous- meaning is attached by receiver
culture bound

Question 2

Nonverbal vs Verbal(11 bullet points)

Answer 2

nonverbal- multiple channels(sight, smell, taste), continuous(no clear beginning or end), unconscious(no need to think about it), ambiguous
verbal- single channel, discrete(has clear beginning and end), conscious(think about what we say), easier to read
despite differences they are interconnected
repetition- saying yes and shaking head increases clarity of message
accentuation- nonverbal cues strengthen what we say
substitution- nonverbal stands in for verbal
regulation- nonverbal regulates who talks for how long and when
contradictions- can use nonverbal to contradict verbal message, called mixed messages
self adaptors- things we do to make ourselves more comfortable
alter adaptors- things we do to make others more comfortable
object adaptors- things we do to the communication environment

Question 3

5 Types of Messages

Answer 3

kinesics- study of facial communication, shows emotion, provides feedback, intensify/deintensify message, mask messages(lie), eye contact(monitors feedback and interest), conversational turn taking, facial feedback hypothesis(facial expressions influence emotion and vice versa)
gestural- gestures, manipulators(gestures made by 1 part of the body, don’t intentionally mean anything, illustrators(gestures that help explain what 1 person says to another), emblems(gestures that have separate meanings from verbal)
haptics- touch, can tell emotion from touch, functional professional(least intense, usually between subordinate and supervisor), social polite(initial introductions, handshake), friendship warmth(most ambiguous and can be misinterpreted), love and intimacy)special individuals like family)
paralanguage- vocal cues, vocal characterizers(laugh, yell, cry), vocal qualifiers(volume, tone, pitch), vocal segregates(“umm”, “ooh”)
proxemics- space, public(lecture/speech), social(business or social talk), personal(close friends, includes some kinesics communication), intimate, territoriality(defending a fixed area or territory, seen as your domain), markers(signs), barriers(walls) and occupancy(establish spot) are used

Question 4

Communicating Competently(5 bullet points)

Answer 4

monitor nonverbal
don't jump to conclusions
observe multiple nonverbal cues
recognize cultural differences
strive for consistency