Chapter 6 - Humanistic Personality Theories

Question 1

Characteristics defining humanistic approaches

Answer 1

• emphasis on personal growth
• focus on the here and now
• emphasis on personal responsibility
• emphasis on humans having a free will
• emphasis on the phenomenology of the individual person

Question 2

instinctoid tendencies

Answer 2

humans have innate tendencies towards healthy growth and development (they are positive)

Question 3

Maslows hierarchy of needs

Answer 3

basic needs:
1. physiological needs
2. safety needs
3. Belongingness needs
4. esteem needs

5. self-actualization

Question 4

Characteristics of self-actualizers

Answer 4

• more peak experiences, higher being -condition (B-condition)

Question 5

Mental illness & treatment in Maslow’s approacj

Answer 5

• underlying cause for mental illness: failure to satisfy the individual needs
  -treatment: eclectic approach (against all diagnostic labels and medical model)

Question 6

SDT

Answer 6

looks at the development of personality within the context of the social world
> Integrative meta-theory of human motivation (and personality)
> distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, as well as amotivation

Question 7

Basic Needs theory of SDT

Answer 7

• Need for competence
• Need for belonging
• Need for autonomy
  > central for healthy development and functioning of individual

Question 8

COgnitive Evaluation Theory of SDT

Answer 8

how intrinsic motivation is affected by social context and specifically influenced by external events
> looks at how individuals perceive, make judgements and evaluate their motivations
> perceived locus of causality (internal vs. external) & perception of competence

Question 9

Organismic Integration Theory (SDT)

Answer 9

possible for extrinsic motivations to become more authentic/assimilated to the individual
–> Internalization

Question 10

Organismic Integration Theory (SDT) - Internalization

Answer 10

1. External regulation
2. Introjected regulation
3. Identified regulation
4. Integrated regulation

Question 11

Causality Orientation theory

Answer 11

Three mini Theories
- autonomy orientation
- controlled orientation
- impersonal orientation

Question 12

What are the 6 theories of SDT

Answer 12

• basic needs theory
• cognitive evaluation theory
• organismic integration theory
• Causality orientation theory
• Goal contents theory (internal vs external)
• Relationships motivation theory

Question 13

Role of Rewards CET (SDT)

Answer 13

> information function: provides information to individual about own competence
controlling function: if used as a controlling function –> first positive effect, later withdrawn possible decrease in motivation

Question 14

Belongingness Needs (Maslow)
D-Love

Answer 14

= deficiency love ; deficiency need
love we seek to meet the emptiness, selfish, we need to be loved by others

Question 15

B-Love
(Maslow)

Answer 15

= being love, ability to love others, growth need (emotionally mature type of love) –> moving towards self-actualization

Question 16

Deficiency Motives (Maslow)
D-Motives

Answer 16

basic needs that are driven to fulfill;
Cease if they are met!!
(Hunger, thirst, need for safety, need to be loved by someone); ensure survival

Question 17

Growth motives (Maslow)
B-Motives

Answer 17

unique to each individual, gaining intensity as they are met, about developing of individual’s potential
> enjoyable, satisfying these = further motivation