Chapter 3 - Developments of Freudian Theorizing Flashcards
Alfred Adler - Individual psychology
social context: social world that we live in as a crucial part in determining who we become and we problems we have living in
inferiority complex (Adler)
disguising our inferiorities, makes it less likely to trust others and ourselves
Masculine protest (Adler)
exaggerated sense of their own superiority that others find difficult, acting superior to compensate (can apply to men and women)
Deterministic view (Freud’s view)
behavior does not occur freely, but is a result of events
Style of life (Adler)
How we approach our inferiority determines our fundamental attitudes towards life
> established in early childhood (3-5 yrs)
Personality Development in Adlerian Terms
- feelings of inferiority –> basic helplessness
- both parents play role in child’s development
- three basic concerns: work, friendship, love = parents should provide good representation of all three
- mother has to introduce baby to social life
- both mother and father important for child
Birth order (Adler)
significant contribution to the development of the child
> Eldest children: center of attention, later dethroned monarch.
> middle child: competitor of eldest child
> youngest child: remains baby of the family
3 conditions particularly damaging in development of neurotic personality (Adler)
- perceived inferiorities that are not compensated for but rather serve as an excuse for the child not to compete
- neglect
- rejection
Neurotic Individuals (Adler)
feel their own inferiority, try to compensate, inaccurate self-evaluations (under/ over-evaluating)
Social interest (Adler)
social feeling, innate, leads is to help each other, need to cooperate!
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Descriptors of personality types (Adler)
> ruling type
avoiding type
getting type
socially useful type
Descriptors of personality types (Adler) - Ruling Type
lacks social interest and courage, intensive striving for personal superiority and power, exploit others to get their goals, emotionally manipulative
Descriptors of personality types (Adler) - avoiding type
lack necessary confidence to solve problems
Descriptors of personality types (Adler) - getting type
relatively passive, making little effort to solve problems (parasitism as they use others to do things for them
Descriptors of personality types (Adler) - Socially useful type
healthy option, confident positive self interest, prepared to cooperate, contribute to welfare of others
Adlerian treatment approach
examinination of childhood experiences because they shape social interest and style of life
Focus Therapy sessions (Adler)
- earliest childhood recollection
- position of the child in the birth order
- childhood disorders
- day and night dreams
- nature of the exogenous factor that caused illness
Psyche (Jung)
total personality
life processing energy (Jung)
hypothetical sort of life force and much wider than purely sexual/ aggressive drives, results from the conflicts between the different forces in the psyche
principle of opposites (Jung)
conscious and unconscious forces are continually opposed to each other and thereby create energy
Self-realization (Jung)
end point of our development, sense of accepting oneself and feeling at peace with one self, can only be achieve later in life!
Principle of Equivalence (Jung)
activtiy increased in one part of the psyche, would decrease accordingly in other parts of the psyche (vice versa)
Principle of entropy
drive to create balanced energies across the psyche so that we express more of ourselves in our behavior
Structures within the psyche (Jung)
- ego
- personal unconscious
- collective unconscious
- archetypes
Structures within the psyche (Jung) - Ego
unifying force in the psyche at the center of the consciousness (self)
> contains conscious thoughts and feelings to behavior and past experiences
> responsible for our feelings of identity and continuity as human beings
Structures within the psyche (Jung) - Personal unconscious
next to the ego and contains all personal experiences
> same conceptualization of unconscious as Freud
Structures within the psyche (Jung) - Collective unconscious
lies deeper within the psyche, not a personal acquisition, but it goes beyond personal experience and has its origins in the evolutionary human development
> innate
> organizing our worlds in innate predetermined ways
> universal ideas that we are born with –> archetypes
Structures within the psyche (Jung) - Archetypes
- universal themes or symbols that lie with the collective unconscious in the psyche and under certain conditions may project onto our current experiences
> exert influence in dreams, fantasies and real life
> examples: mother, father, child, wise old man, hero, …
> different archetypes exert influence in different situations!
Jungian Personality Types
- extraversion
- introversion
four ways in which people can relate to the world
- sensing
- thinking
- feeling
- intuitive
> Myer-Briggs Type indicator!
Jungs Conception of mental illness and treatment (methods)
methods:
> dream analysis, word association
> method of amplification:
Four stages in therapy (Jung)
- Confession (admitting to problems)
- Elucidation (understanding nature of problems)
- Education (becoming educated about problems)
- transformation (coming to achieve balance within their psyche)
