Chapter 3 - Developments of Freudian Theorizing

Question 1

Alfred Adler - Individual psychology

Answer 1

social context: social world that we live in as a crucial part in determining who we become and we problems we have living in

Question 2

inferiority complex (Adler)

Answer 2

disguising our inferiorities, makes it less likely to trust others and ourselves

Question 3

Masculine protest (Adler)

Answer 3

exaggerated sense of their own superiority that others find difficult, acting superior to compensate (can apply to men and women)

Question 4

Deterministic view (Freud’s view)

Answer 4

behavior does not occur freely, but is a result of events

Question 5

Style of life (Adler)

Answer 5

How we approach our inferiority determines our fundamental attitudes towards life
> established in early childhood (3-5 yrs)

Question 6

Personality Development in Adlerian Terms

Answer 6

• feelings of inferiority –> basic helplessness
• both parents play role in child’s development
• three basic concerns: work, friendship, love = parents should provide good representation of all three
• mother has to introduce baby to social life
• both mother and father important for child

Question 7

Birth order (Adler)

Answer 7

significant contribution to the development of the child
> Eldest children: center of attention, later dethroned monarch.
> middle child: competitor of eldest child
> youngest child: remains baby of the family

Question 8

3 conditions particularly damaging in development of neurotic personality (Adler)

Answer 8

1. perceived inferiorities that are not compensated for but rather serve as an excuse for the child not to compete
2. neglect
3. rejection

Question 9

Neurotic Individuals (Adler)

Answer 9

feel their own inferiority, try to compensate, inaccurate self-evaluations (under/ over-evaluating)

Question 10

Social interest (Adler)

Answer 10

social feeling, innate, leads is to help each other, need to cooperate!
>

Question 11

Descriptors of personality types (Adler)

Answer 11

> ruling type
avoiding type
getting type
socially useful type

Question 12

Descriptors of personality types (Adler) - Ruling Type

Answer 12

lacks social interest and courage, intensive striving for personal superiority and power, exploit others to get their goals, emotionally manipulative

Question 13

Descriptors of personality types (Adler) - avoiding type

Answer 13

lack necessary confidence to solve problems

Question 14

Descriptors of personality types (Adler) - getting type

Answer 14

relatively passive, making little effort to solve problems (parasitism as they use others to do things for them

Question 15

Descriptors of personality types (Adler) - Socially useful type

Answer 15

healthy option, confident positive self interest, prepared to cooperate, contribute to welfare of others

Question 16

Adlerian treatment approach

Answer 16

examinination of childhood experiences because they shape social interest and style of life

Question 17

Focus Therapy sessions (Adler)

Answer 17

• earliest childhood recollection
• position of the child in the birth order
• childhood disorders
• day and night dreams
• nature of the exogenous factor that caused illness

Question 18

Psyche (Jung)

Answer 18

total personality

Question 19

life processing energy (Jung)

Answer 19

hypothetical sort of life force and much wider than purely sexual/ aggressive drives, results from the conflicts between the different forces in the psyche

Question 20

principle of opposites (Jung)

Answer 20

conscious and unconscious forces are continually opposed to each other and thereby create energy

Question 21

Self-realization (Jung)

Answer 21

end point of our development, sense of accepting oneself and feeling at peace with one self, can only be achieve later in life!

Question 22

Principle of Equivalence (Jung)

Answer 22

activtiy increased in one part of the psyche, would decrease accordingly in other parts of the psyche (vice versa)

Question 23

Principle of entropy

Answer 23

drive to create balanced energies across the psyche so that we express more of ourselves in our behavior

Question 24

Structures within the psyche (Jung)

Answer 24

• ego
• personal unconscious
• collective unconscious
• archetypes

Question 25

Structures within the psyche (Jung) - Ego

Answer 25

unifying force in the psyche at the center of the consciousness (self)
> contains conscious thoughts and feelings to behavior and past experiences
> responsible for our feelings of identity and continuity as human beings

Question 26

Structures within the psyche (Jung) - Personal unconscious

Answer 26

next to the ego and contains all personal experiences
> same conceptualization of unconscious as Freud

Question 27

Structures within the psyche (Jung) - Collective unconscious

Answer 27

lies deeper within the psyche, not a personal acquisition, but it goes beyond personal experience and has its origins in the evolutionary human development
> innate
> organizing our worlds in innate predetermined ways
> universal ideas that we are born with –> archetypes

Question 28

Structures within the psyche (Jung) - Archetypes

Answer 28

• universal themes or symbols that lie with the collective unconscious in the psyche and under certain conditions may project onto our current experiences
  > exert influence in dreams, fantasies and real life
  > examples: mother, father, child, wise old man, hero, …
  > different archetypes exert influence in different situations!

Question 29

Jungian Personality Types

Answer 29

• extraversion
• introversion

Question 30

four ways in which people can relate to the world

Answer 30

• sensing
• thinking
• feeling
• intuitive

> Myer-Briggs Type indicator!

Question 31

Jungs Conception of mental illness and treatment (methods)

Answer 31

methods:
> dream analysis, word association
> method of amplification:

Question 32

Four stages in therapy (Jung)

Answer 32

1. Confession (admitting to problems)
2. Elucidation (understanding nature of problems)
3. Education (becoming educated about problems)
4. transformation (coming to achieve balance within their psyche)