Chapter 6 - Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Question 1

1st Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 1

Can’t make or destroy energy (only convert it)

Question 2

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 2

Disorder (entropy) always increases, so usable energy decreases

Question 3

Kinetic Energy

Answer 3

Energy possessed by object in motion (person walking down the street, molecules moving in space)

Question 4

Potential Energy

Answer 4

Energy possessed because of position with regards to other object (standing on top of hill, two magnets being held apart = higher potential energy)

Question 5

Chemical Reactions

Answer 5

Turn reactants into products
Need activation energy to start
Exergonic versus Endergonic

Question 6

Exergonic Reactions

Answer 6

Release energy (sound, heat, fuel) ex burning fuel

Question 7

Endergonic Reactions

Answer 7

Store energy in product (ex building a protein)

Question 8

ATP

Answer 8

An energy storage molecule stored within bonds as chemical energy; a form of potential energy
Comes from glucose breakdown; only within cell, not cell to cell

Question 9

Enzymes

Answer 9

Catalysts, that reduce energy required for chemical reactions; affected by pH and temperature

Question 10

Metabolism

Answer 10

All chemical reactions in a cell

Question 11

Reaction Rate

Answer 11

Increases with more enzymes or more substrates

Question 12

Enzyme Regulation/Inhibition Types

Answer 12

Competitive and Non-competitive and Feedback

Question 13

Competitive Regulation

Answer 13

Molecule blocks the active site - won’t work (ex TB bacterium and vaccine)

Question 14

Non-Competitive Regulation

Answer 14

Some other molecule binds to enzyme and distorts it - enzyme changes shape and is no longer useful

Question 15

Normal Enzyme Binding

Answer 15

Substrate -> Active Site of enzyme -> Enzyme changes shape -> Causes Reaction -> Substrate leaves enzyme

Question 16

Feedback Inhibition

Answer 16

Regulates metabolism; allosteric molecules regulate production (ADP, ATP)