Chapter 6: Endocrine Control of Metabolism & Diabetes Flashcards
feul metabolism
chemical reactions that occur within the cells
Intermediary metabolism
reactions involve the degradation, synthesis, and transformation of protein, carbohydrates, and fats
proteins are converted into
amino acids
CHO is converted to
monosaccarides (glucose)
Triglycerides are converted to
fatty acids and monoglycerides
what are the absorbable units
- monoglycerideds
- amino acids
- fatty acids
glucose and amino acids are transported via
blood
fatty acids are transported via
lymph
metabolism
- all chemical reactions occurring within the cells of the body
- involve degration, synthesis, and transformation reactions
Anabolsim
- builder larger organic macromolecules from smaller molecular subunits
- requires ATP
example of anabolism
6H2O + 6CO2 –> C6H12O6
Catabolism
- degration of the large energy rich organic molecules within the cells
- uses hydrolysis
catabolism reaction
C6H12O6 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O
glycogenesis
Glucose –> glycogen
- decreases blood glucose
Glycogenolysis
Glycogen –> glucose
- increases blood glucose
Gluconeogenesis
Amino acids –> glucose
- increases blood glucose
protein synthesis
Amino acids –> protein
- decreases blood amino acids
Fat synthesis (Lipogenesis or triglyceride synthesis)
Fatty acids and glycerol –> triglycerides
- increases blood fatty acids
protein degration
protein –> amino acids
- increases blood amino acids
Fat breakdown (Lipolysis or triglyceride degradation)
Triglycerides –> fatty acids and glycerol
- increases blood fatty acids
how are amino acids stored
body proteins (muscle)
how is glucose stored
as glycogen in the liver and muscle
how are fatty acids stored
in adipose tissue
excess amino acids are excreted through
- the urea
- used as metabolic fuel